Urodele spinal cord regeneration and related processes

Chernoff, Ellen A.G.; Stocum, David L.; Nye, Holly L.D.; Cameron, Jo Ann

doi:10.1002/dvdy.10240

Cited by 103 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Observation by others confirms a similar nature of expression of GFAP where they showed initial loss after injury followed by an increased level of expression at later time points in urodele cord (O'Hara et al, 1992;Chernoff et al, 2003).…”

Section: Role Of Radial Glia As Progenitor and In Dedifferentiationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…A similar mechanism of migration and accumulation of cells here may also involve epithelial to mesenchymal transition as observed by O'Hara et al (1992) and Chernoff (1996) in urodele. Sealing of ependyma during spinal cord regeneration was also confirmed in other regeneration-competent species in both adult and larval stages , Chernoff et al, 2003. It is thought to be a common process both in tail amputation and spinal cord transection in urodeles (Butler and Ward, 1967;Singer et al, 1979;Stensaas, 1983).…”

Section: Ependymal Sealing Is a Regenerative Response An Important Cmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Cellular response after crush injury in adult zebrafish spinal cord

Hui

Dutta

Ghosh

2010

Developmental Dynamics

110

170

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*Zebrafish proves to be an excellent model system to study spinal cord regeneration because it can repair its disengaged axons and replace lost cells after injury, allowing the animal to make functional recovery. We have characterized injury response following crush injury, which is comparable to the mammalian mode of injury. Infiltrations of blood cells during early phases involve macrophages that are important in debris clearance and probably in suppression of inflammatory response. Unlike mammals where secondary injury mechanisms lead to apoptotic death of both neurons and glia, here we observe a beneficial role of apoptotic cell death. Injury-induced proliferation, presence of radial glia cells, and their role as progenitor all contribute to cellular replacement and successful neurogenesis after injury in adult zebrafish. Together with cell replacement phenomenon, there is creation of a permissive environment that includes the absence or clearance of myelin debris, presence of Schwann cells, and absence of inflammatory response. Developmental Dynamics 239:2962-2979,

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Section: Role Of Radial Glia As Progenitor and In Dedifferentiationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Ependymal Sealing Is a Regenerative Response An Important Cmentioning

confidence: 77%

Cellular response after crush injury in adult zebrafish spinal cord

Hui

Dutta

Ghosh

2010

Developmental Dynamics

110

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Compared with mammals, the distribution of proliferating RGLs is more widespread (Chernoff et al, 2003;Grandel et al, 2006; Berg et al, Development 140, 2548Development 140, -2561Development 140, (2013 ) and a number of fish and amphibian species are able to regenerate substantial parts of the brain after injury or loss of neurons.…”

Section: Cellular Targets For Neurotransmitter Signaling In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter-mediated control of neurogenesis in the adult vertebrate brain

et al. 2013

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SummaryIt was long thought that no new neurons are added to the adult brain. Similarly, neurotransmitter signaling was primarily associated with communication between differentiated neurons. Both of these ideas have been challenged, and a crosstalk between neurogenesis and neurotransmitter signaling is beginning to emerge. In this Review, we discuss neurotransmitter signaling as it functions at the intersection of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, exploring how it may regulate the formation of new functional neurons and outlining interactions with other signaling pathways. We consider evolutionary and cross-species comparative aspects, and integrate available results in the context of normal physiological versus pathological conditions. We also discuss the potential role of neurotransmitters in brain size regulation and implications for cell replacement therapies. Key words: Adult neurogenesis, Homeostasis, Neural stem cell, Neurotransmitter, Regeneration IntroductionIn the brain, signaling via neurotransmitters, small molecules released by neurons to communicate with other cells, has primarily been associated with the function rather than with the formation of neurons. However, several reports have identified roles for neurotransmitters in cell fate determination in a wide range of species both within and outside the central nervous system (CNS). A thorough discussion on the evolutionary origin of neurotransmitter signaling is outside the scope of this Review, but it is important to note that both neurotransmitters and their receptors (see Table 1) are present and functionally important in organisms without a nervous system. For example, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and nitric oxide (NO) have all been detected in sponges and shown to regulate cell behavior (Ellwanger et al., 2007;Elliott and Leys, 2010). A recent transcriptome profiling of the sponge A. queenslandica revealed the expression of wide repertoire of components active in synapses found in the vertebrate nervous systems (Conaco et al., 2012). In the social amoeba Dictysotelium, disruption of a glutamate receptor by homologous recombination reveals a role for glutamate signaling in the suppression of cell division (Taniura et al., 2006), while GABA induces terminal differentiation of spores through a GABA B receptor (Anjard and Loomis, 2006). GABA and glutamate appear to play opposing roles in spore induction (Fountain, 2010) in Dictyostelium, indicating that the apparent antagonistic relationship between glutamate and GABA signaling was established prior to the evolution of synaptic communication in the CNS.Furthermore, neurotransmitters control cell proliferation during development long before the onset of neurogenesis in mammals, as exemplified by GABA signaling in the early embryo (Andäng et al., 2008). Once developmental neurogenesis is initiated, neurotransmitter signaling has an impact on several aspects of neurogenesis, including proliferation, migration and differentiation in various locations in the CNS, such as the tele...

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“…Adult newts regenerate among other structures limbs, cardiac muscle, ocular tissues and tails. Central nervous system (CNS) regeneration in newts has mostly been studied after spinal cord transection, tail amputation, or by removing a piece of brain tissue (Chernoff et al, 2003;Okamoto et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient regeneration by activation of neurogenesis in homeostatically quiescent regions of the adult vertebrate brain

et al. 2010

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In contrast to mammals, salamanders and teleost fishes can efficiently repair the adult brain. It has been hypothesised that constitutively active neurogenic niches are a prerequisite for extensive neuronal regeneration capacity. Here, we show that the highly regenerative salamander, the red spotted newt, displays an unexpectedly similar distribution of active germinal niches with mammals under normal physiological conditions. Proliferation zones in the adult newt brain are restricted to the forebrain, whereas all other regions are essentially quiescent. However, ablation of midbrain dopamine neurons in newts induced ependymoglia cells in the normally quiescent midbrain to proliferate and to undertake full dopamine neuron regeneration. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we have catalogued a set of differentially expressed genes in these activated ependymoglia cells. This strategy identified hedgehog signalling as a key component of adult dopamine neuron regeneration. These data show that brain regeneration can occur by activation of neurogenesis in quiescent brain regions.

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Urodele spinal cord regeneration and related processes

Cited by 103 publications

References 109 publications

Cellular response after crush injury in adult zebrafish spinal cord

Cellular response after crush injury in adult zebrafish spinal cord

Neurotransmitter-mediated control of neurogenesis in the adult vertebrate brain

Efficient regeneration by activation of neurogenesis in homeostatically quiescent regions of the adult vertebrate brain

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