Urobiome: In Sickness and in Health

Wojciuk, Bartosz; Salabura, Agata; Grygorcewicz, Bartłomiej; Kędzierska, Karolina; Ciechanowski, Kazimierz; Dołęgowska, Barbara

doi:10.3390/microorganisms7110548

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Several clusters of microorganisms were described and linked to both health and a number of diseases. Not surprisingly, the gastrointestinal tract was the first to be the object of the research that was devoted to autoimmune diseases, with the Crohn’s disease as an example [ 19 ]. The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) revealed that the most prevalent intestinal bacteria belong to one of the 6 phyla: Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , and Fusobacteria , but left the urinary tract without exploration [ 20 ].…”

Section: Microbiome and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Urobiome in Gender—Related Diversities of Bladder Cancer

Bilski¹,

Dobruch²,

Kozikowski³

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Bladder cancer (BC) remains the most common malignancy of urinary tract. Sex-related differences in BC epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and outcomes have been reported. Throughout the recent years, extensive research has been devoted to genetic and molecular alterations in BC. Apart from the molecular background, another related concept which has been speculated to contribute to gender diversities in BC is the role of urinary pathogens in bladder carcinogenesis. Microbiome studies, fueled by the availability of high-throughput DNA-based techniques, have shown that perturbation in the microbiome is associated with various human diseases. The aim of this review is to comprehensively analyze the current literature according to sex-related differences in the microbiome composition in BC.

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Section: Microbiome and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Urobiome in Gender—Related Diversities of Bladder Cancer

Bilski¹,

Dobruch²,

Kozikowski³

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Among bacterial species inhabiting a genitourinary niche, one could mention Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Sneathia, Atopobium, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae in women, and Lactobacillus, Sneathia, Veillonella, Corynebacterium, Prevotella, Streptococcus and Ureaplasma in men [ 21 ]. Bladder microbiome has a low biomass relative to the vaginal microbiome and is dominated by Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, and Streptococcus [ 19 ].…”

Section: Human Urobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Phage Prevalence in the Human Urinary Tract—Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications

et al. 2020

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Recent metagenomic analyses imply an immense abundance of phages in the human body. Samples collected from different sites (lungs, skin, oral cavity, intestines, ascitic fluid, and urine) reveal a generally greater number of phage particles than that of eukaryotic viruses. The presence of phages in those tissues and fluids reflects the paths they must overcome in the human body, but may also relate to the health statuses of individuals. Besides shaping bacterial metabolism and community structure, the role of phages circulating in body fluids has not been fully understood yet. The lack of relevant reports is especially visible with regard to the human urobiome. Certainly, phage presence and the role they have to fulfill in the human urinary tract raises questions on potential therapeutic connotations. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans and their treatment poses a difficult therapeutic dilemma. Despite effective antibiotic therapy, these infections tend to recur. In this review, we summarized the recent data on phage presence in the human urinary tract and its possible implications for health and disease.

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“…The number of urinary tract infections caused by this Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile bacterium has increased in recent years, where it was isolated from 7–15% of cases in exchange with Klebsiella pneumoniae . Antibiotic-resistant pseudomonads constituted over 13% of isolates [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Pseudomonads can produce a variety of virulence factors including type IV adhesive fimbriae, exotoxin A (a member of the family mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases), enzyme S (inhibiting lipid synthesis), and phospholipase C, that together with rhamnolipids disrupt membrane phospholipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to UV-activated Titanium Dioxide/Silica Nanotubes

Augustyniak

Cendrowski

Grygorcewicz

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium of high clinical and biotechnological importance thanks to its high adaptability to environmental conditions. The increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant strains has created a need for alternative methods to increase the chance of recovery in infected patients. Various nanomaterials have the potential to be used for this purpose. Therefore, we aimed to study the physiological response of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to titanium dioxide/silica nanotubes. The results suggest that UV light-irradiated nanomaterial triggers strong agglomeration in the studied bacteria that was confirmed by microscopy, spectrophotometry, and flow cytometry. The effect was diminished when the nanomaterial was applied without initial irradiation, with UV light indicating that the creation of reactive oxygen species could play a role in this phenomenon. The nanocomposite also affected biofilm formation ability. Even though the biomass of biofilms was comparable, the viability of cells in biofilms was upregulated in 48-hour biofilms. Furthermore, from six selected genes, the mexA coding efflux pump was upregulated, which could be associated with an interaction with TiO2. The results show that titanium dioxide/silica nanotubes may alter the physiological and metabolic functions of P. aeruginosa PAO1.

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Urobiome: In Sickness and in Health

Cited by 26 publications

References 60 publications

Urobiome in Gender—Related Diversities of Bladder Cancer

Urobiome in Gender—Related Diversities of Bladder Cancer

Phage Prevalence in the Human Urinary Tract—Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications

The Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to UV-activated Titanium Dioxide/Silica Nanotubes

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