Urine spermine and multivariable Spermine Risk Score predict high-grade prostate cancer

Chiu, Peter Ka Fung; Fung, Yan Ho; Teoh, Jeremy Yuen‐Chun; Chan, Chun Hong; Lo, Ka Lun; Li, Kai Man; Tse, Ryan Tsz‐Hei; Leung, S. F.; Wong, Yim Ping; Roobol, Monique J.; Wong, Ka‐Leung; Ng, Chi Fai

doi:10.1038/s41391-020-00312-1

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…With regards to current serum, a PSA test only yielded a poor to fair screening power accompanied with over-diagnosis and unnecessary prostate biopsies [9,37]. Further prospective study conducted by Chiu et al not only confirmed urinary spermine could help to decrease unnecessary prostate biopsy due to elevated serum PSA, but also that a decreasing level of urinary spermine was associated with progressive increase prostate cancer grade [38].…”

Section: Detection and Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Spermine and Its Acetylated Derivative in Human Malignancies

Tse

Wong

Chiu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Polyamines are essential biomolecules for normal cellular metabolism in humans. The roles of polyamines in cancer development have been widely discussed in recent years. Among all, spermine alongside with its acetylated derivative, N1, N12-diacetylspermine, demonstrate a relationship with the diagnosis and staging of various cancers, including lung, breast, liver, colorectal and urogenital. Numerous studies have reported the level of spermine in different body fluids and organ tissues in patients with different types of cancers. Currently, the role and the underlying mechanisms of spermine in cancer development and progression are still under investigation. This review summarized the roles of spermine in cancer development and as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tool in various cancers.

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Section: Detection and Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Spermine and Its Acetylated Derivative in Human Malignancies

Tse

Wong

Chiu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The urine spermine and a multivariate Spermine Risk Score (combining urine spermine, prostate volume, PSA, and digital rectal examination) could act as a guide to predict PCa and HGPCa. Using the urine Spermine Risk Score, a negative predictive value of 95% for HGPCa was achieved and 37% unnecessary biopsies could be avoided [ 61 ].…”

Section: Spermine As a Biomarker For Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Clinical Role of Spermine in Prostate Cancer

Peng

Wong

Cheuk

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Spermine, a member of polyamines, exists in all organisms and is essential for normal cell growth and function. It is highly expressed in the prostate compared with other organs and is detectable in urine, tissue, expressed prostatic secretions, and erythrocyte. A significant reduction of spermine level was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue compared with benign prostate tissue, and the level of urinary spermine was also significantly lower in men with PCa. Decreased spermine level may be used as an indicator of malignant phenotype transformation from normal to malignant tissue in prostate. Studies targeting polyamines and key rate-limiting enzymes associated with spermine metabolism as a tool for PCa therapy and chemoprevention have been conducted with various polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and polyamine analogues. The mechanism between spermine and PCa development are possibly related to the regulation of polyamine metabolism, cancer-driving pathways, oxidative stress, anticancer immunosurveillance, and apoptosis regulation. Although the specific mechanism of spermine in PCa development is still unclear, ongoing research in spermine metabolism and its association with PCa pathophysiology opens up new opportunities in the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of spermine in PCa management.

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“…Urine biomarkers for non-invasive PCa diagnosis have been investigated over the years, and a few have been developed for clinical use including PCA3 [26], SelectMDx [27], and more recently the urine spermine test [28]. EVs carry protein, nucleic acids, etc., and are potential biomarker targets for disease diagnosis and prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of piRNA Targets in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

et al. 2021

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Emerging studies demonstrate that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are associated with various human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) piRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. RNA was extracted from urinary EVs from five PCa patients and five healthy controls (HC), and the piRNAs were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Dysregulated piRNAs were identified and then validated in another 30 PCa patients and 10 HC by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expressions of novel_pir349843, novel_pir382289, novel_pir158533, and hsa_piR_002468 in urinary EVs were significantly increased in the PCa group compared with the HC group. The area under the curve (AUC) of novel_pir158533, novel_pir349843, novel_pir382289, hsa_piR_002468, and the combination of the four piRNA in PCa diagnosis was 0.723, 0.757, 0.777, 0.783, and 0.853, respectively. After the RNAhybrid program analysis, all four piRNAs had multiple potential binding sites with key mRNAs in PTEN/PI3K/Akt, Wnt/beta-catenin, or androgen receptor pathway, which are critical in PCa development and progression. In conclusion, our findings indicate that specific piRNAs in urinary EVs may serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for PCa.

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Urine spermine and multivariable Spermine Risk Score predict high-grade prostate cancer

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

The Potential Role of Spermine and Its Acetylated Derivative in Human Malignancies

The Potential Role of Spermine and Its Acetylated Derivative in Human Malignancies

The Emerging Clinical Role of Spermine in Prostate Cancer

Identification of piRNA Targets in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

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