Urine specific gravity in exercisers prior to physical training

Stover, Elizabeth A.; Petrie, Heather; Passe, Dennis H.; Horswill, Craig A.; Murray, Bob; Wildman, Robert

doi:10.1139/h06-004

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Many investigators believe that the first morning void is more representative of hydration status; however, the validity of the first morning void has been debated. 15 Our study was conducted to provide a general indication of hydration status of collegiate athletes before practice and to lead to future research in this population. Nonetheless, the advantages of urine specific gravity are that it is easy to use in the field, rapid, and inexpensive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Prepractice Hydration Status of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes

Volpe

Poule

Bland

2009

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: To our knowledge, no one has compared the prepractice hydration status of male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes or has studied the effects of the menstrual cycle phase on women's prepractice hydration status.Objective: To report prepractice hydration status of collegiate athletes and determine the factors that might influence that status.Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Setting: University sports team practices.Patients or Other Participants: Participants included 138 male and 125 female athletes (age 5 19.9 6 1.3 years, height 5 165.8 6 42.9 cm, mass 5 77.4 6 17.5 kg) from an NCAA Division I New England university.Intervention(s): One spontaneously voided (spot) urine sample was collected from each participant before his or her team practice and was measured 2 times.Main Outcome Measure(s):A refractometer was used to analyze the amount of light that passed through a small drop of urine and assess urine specific gravity. Fluid intake and menstrual history for women were also collected. Three hydration-status groups were defined based on the American College of Sports Medicine and National Athletic Trainers' Association criteria: (1) euhydrated, which was urine specific gravity less than 1.020; (2) hypohydrated, from 1.020 to 1.029; and (3) significantly hypohydrated, equal to or more than 1.030.Results: Thirteen percent of student-athletes appeared significantly hypohydrated, with a mean urine specific gravity of 1.031 6 0.002 (x 2 5 12.12, P , .05); 53% appeared hypohydrated, with a mean urine specific gravity of 1.024 6 0.003 (x 2 5 12.12, P , .05); and 34% appeared euhydrated, with a mean urine specific gravity of 1.012 6 0.005 (x 2 5 0.03, P . .05). A greater percentage of men (47%) than women (28%) were hypohydrated (x 2 5 8.33, P , .05). In women, no difference was evident between the luteal and follicular phases of their menstrual cycles (x 2 5 0.02, P . .05).Conclusions: Before activity, athletes were hypohydrated at different levels. A greater percentage of men than women were hypohydrated. Menstrual cycle phase did not appear to affect hydration in women.Key Words: dehydration, sex, hypohydration, refractometer, sports, urine specific gravity Key Points N National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes need to be educated about proper hydration techniques to prevent hypohydration and protect athletic performance or need to be encouraged to properly hydrate before practices. N More men than women appeared to be hypohydrated before practice. N Hydration status did not differ with different phases of the menstrual cycle, but confirmation of this finding is needed through comparison of urine specific gravity or plasma osmolarity within the same athletes at different times in their menstrual cycles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, hypohydration may not be as prevalent in women as in men. Using a handheld refractometer, Stover et al 15 assessed the urine specific gravity of recreational exercisers before exercise. They examined 329 women and men from 2 fitness centers: 1 in Los Angeles, California, and 1 in Chicago, Illinois.…”

Section: Prepractice Hydration Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Prepractice Hydration Status of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes

Volpe

Poule

Bland

2009

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…These results are similar to those of previous laboratory 1-3,9,30 and field [31][32][33] studies but contrast with those of some previous field studies [17][18][19][20][21] in which body core temperature was not influenced by hydration. We examined a realistic athletic model, 34 in which a slight fluid deficit is carried forward from the previous day and increased during an acute bout of activity.…”

Section: Submaximal Running (Hys and Dys)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydration on Physiological Function and Performance During Trail Running in the Heat

Casa

Stearns

Lopez

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

145

122

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Context: Authors of most field studies have not observed decrements in physiologic function and performance with increases in dehydration, although authors of well-controlled laboratory studies have consistently reported this relationship. Investigators in these field studies did not control exercise intensity, a known modulator of body core temperature.Objective: To directly examine the effect of moderate water deficit on the physiologic responses to various exercise intensities in a warm outdoor setting.Design: Semirandomized, crossover design. Setting: Field setting. Patients or Other Participants: Seventeen distance runners (9 men, 8 women; age 5 27 6 7 years, height 5 171 6 9 cm, mass 5 64.2 6 9.0 kg, body fat 5 14.6% 6 5.5%).Intervention(s): Participants completed four 12-km runs (consisting of three 4-km loops) in the heat (average wet bulb globe temperature 5 26.56C): (1) a hydrated, race trial (HYR), (2) a dehydrated, race trial (DYR), (3) a hydrated, submaximal trial (HYS), and (4) a dehydrated, submaximal trial (DYS).Main Outcome Measure(s): For DYR and DYS trials, dehydration was measured by body mass loss. In the submaximal trials, participants ran at a moderate pace that was matched by having them speed up or slow down based on pace feedback provided by researchers. Intestinal temperature was recorded using ingestible thermistors, and participants wore heart rate monitors to measure heart rate.Results: Body mass loss in relation to a 3-day baseline was greater for the DYR (24.30% 6 1.25%) and DYS trials (24.59% 6 1.32%) than for the HYR (22.05% 6 1.09%) and HYS (22.0% 6 1.24%) trials postrun (P , .001). Participants ran faster for the HYR (53.15 6 6.05 minutes) than for the DYR (55.7 6 7.45 minutes; P , .01), but speed was similar for HYS (59.57 6 5.31 minutes) and DYS (59.44 6 5.44 minutes; P . .05). Intestinal temperature immediately postrun was greater for DYR than for HYR (P , .05), the only significant difference. Intestinal temperature was greater for DYS than for HYS postloop 2, postrun, and at 10 and 20 minutes postrun (all: P , .001). Intestinal temperature and heart rate were 0.226C and 6 beats/min higher, respectively, for every additional 1% body mass loss during the DYS trial compared with the HYS trial.Conclusions: A small decrement in hydration status impaired physiologic function and performance while trail running in the heat.Key Words: environmental physiology, dehydration, rehydration, core temperature, heart rate Key Points N The physiologic and performance decrements associated with dehydration that exist in laboratory settings also exist in field settings. N Methodologic challenges in the field setting make isolating these effects difficult.

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“…De hecho, es incluso menor que el volumen de líquido consumido sólo durante los partidos por parte de algunos jugadores de la NBA en las competiciones (Osterberg et al 2009). De acuerdo con estudios previos centrados en deportistas sin DI (Stover et al 2006), volúmenes de agua prescritos podrían ser más eficaces para prevenir la deshidratación que la ingestión de agua "ad libitum". Como consecuencia, los deportistas y sus entrenadores y cuidadores deberían estar educados acerca de las técnicas adecuadas de hidratación, además de fomentar el diseño y aplicación de programas de hidratación adecuados.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Riesgo de deshidratación entre deportistas y sedentarios con discapacidad intelectual / Incidence of Hypohidration in Athletes and Sedentary Male Adults with Intellectual Disability

Rosety¹,

Brenes-Martin²,

Pery³

et al. 2016

rimcafd

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RESUMENEl presente estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal se diseñó para determinar el nivel de hidratación de deportistas con discapacidad intelectual y su comparación con adultos sedentarios con la misma discapacidad.Participaron 22 deportistas federados que realizan el mismo programa de entrenamiento además de 22 adultos sedentarios ajustados en sexo, edad y cociente de inteligencia. Los parámetros ensayados fueron la densidad urinaria

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Urine specific gravity in exercisers prior to physical training

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Estimation of Prepractice Hydration Status of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes

Estimation of Prepractice Hydration Status of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes

Influence of Hydration on Physiological Function and Performance During Trail Running in the Heat

Riesgo de deshidratación entre deportistas y sedentarios con discapacidad intelectual / Incidence of Hypohidration in Athletes and Sedentary Male Adults with Intellectual Disability

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