Urine metabolite profiling of Indian Antarctic Expedition members: NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic investigation

Abstract

The southernmost region of earth, Antarctica, has world's most challenging environments. Those who live for long time and work in Antarctic stations are subjected to environmental stresses such as cold weather, photoperiod variations leading to disrupted sleep cycles, constrained living spaces, dry air, non-availability of fresh food items, and high electromagnetic radiations, psychological factors, such as geographical and social isolation, etc. All these factors have a significant impact on the human body. The present study investigated the impact of Antarctica harsh environment on human physiology and its metabolic processes by evaluating urine metabolome, using 1H NMR spectroscopy and analyzing certain physiological and clinical parameters for correlation with physiological expression data and metabolite results. Two study groups -before Antarctic exposure (B) and after Antarctic exposure (E), consisting of 11 subjects, exposed to one-month summer expedition, were compared. 35 metabolites in urine samples were identified from the 700 MHz 1 H NMR spectra from where integral intensity of 22 important metabolites was determined. Univariate analysis indicated significant decrease in the levels of citrate and creatinine in samples collected post-expedition. Multivariate analysis was also performed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, because independent metabolite abundances may complement each other in predicting the dependent variables. 10 metabolites were identified among the groups; the OPLS-DA and VIP score indicated variation in appearance of metabolites over different time periods with insignificant change in the intensities. Metabolite results illustrate the impact of environmental stress or altered life style including the diet with absence of fresh fruits and vegetables, on the pathophysiology of the human health. Metabolic adaptation to Antarctic environmental stressors may help to highlight the effect of short-term physiological status and provide important information during Antarctic expeditions to formulate management programmes.

1H NMR metabolomics analysis of oil palm stem tissue infected by Ganoderma boninense based on field severity Indices

“…The methods used in this analysis are OPLS-DA and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). OPLS-DA was used as a method to classify significant compounds with a VIP cutoff > 1.0 37 while the ROC curve method was used to assess the diagnostic power of biomarkers 36 . From the results of the analysis in this study, there were 12 disease tentative biomarkers for severity index 2, 12 disease biomarkers for severity index 3, and 11 disease biomarkers for severity index 4.…”

“…Metabolic pathway and network analysis. Metabolic pathway analysis was conducted to analyse the most important pathway chosen based on the p value ( < 0.05) and impact value score ( > 0.1) 37,65 . Pathway identification was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database 66 .…”

1H NMR metabolomics analysis of leaf tissue from oil palms against Ganoderma boninense

“…al. 2019;Bhushan et al 2021;Pancoro et al 2022). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used as a reference for the identi cation of metabolic pathways.2The metabolites relative concentrations were obtained through enrichment analysis and then classifying the metabolites in this study into 11 main metabolite classes of organic compounds: benzamides, fatty alcohols, organic dicarboxylic acids, alcohols, polyols, sulfonic acids, cholines, furanones, alkanolamines, fatty acids and conjugates, amino acids and peptides, and monosaccharides.…”