Urine-derived extracellular vesicle miRNAs as possible biomarkers for and mediators of necrotizing enterocolitis: A proof of concept study

Galley, Jeffrey D.; Mar, Pamela; Wang, Yijie; Han, Rachel; Rajab, Adrian; Besner, Gail E.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.016

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Since early and accurate diagnosis and prognosis have a crucial impact on the outcome of these diseases, clinical practice is constantly looking for new genetic and molecular markers that could facilitate an early diagnosis or an accurate setting of the prognosis for both cancerous and non-cancerous diseases, in order to reduce morbidity and improve patients’ survival [ 30 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. This is particularly relevant for SC, since the number of new cases is expected greatly increase in the next future due to increasing UV exposure and population age [ 1 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Nicotinamide Metabolism: Potential Role of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Biomarker in Skin Cancers

Campagna

Pozzi

Salvolini

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Skin cancers (SC) collectively represent the most common type of malignancy in white populations. SC includes two main forms: malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSC includes different subtypes, namely, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), and keratoacanthoma (KA), together with the two pre-neoplastic conditions Bowen disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK). Both malignant melanoma and NMSC are showing an increasing incidence rate worldwide, thus representing an important challenge for health care systems, also because, with some exceptions, SC are generally characterized by an aggressive behavior and are often diagnosed late. Thus, identifying new biomarkers suitable for diagnosis, as well as for prognosis and targeted therapy is mandatory. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is an enzyme that is emerging as a crucial player in the progression of several malignancies, while its substrate, nicotinamide, is known to exert chemopreventive effects. Since there is increasing evidence regarding the involvement of this enzyme in the malignant behavior of SC, the current review aims to summarize the state of the art as concerns NNMT role in SC and to support future studies focused on exploring the diagnostic and prognostic potential of NNMT in skin malignancies and its suitability for targeted therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Nicotinamide Metabolism: Potential Role of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Biomarker in Skin Cancers

Campagna

Pozzi

Salvolini

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…As revealed by transcriptomic analysis of urine-derived miRNAs, they observed that miR-376a, miR-518-3p and miR-604 were considerably changed in NEC compared to non-NEC sepsis and healthy controls. However, these miRNAs need to be further validated in larger sample sizes ( 10 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis by Galley et al . indicated that urine miR-376a, miR-518a and miR-604, could be used for differential diagnosis of NEC and non-NEC sepsis or healthy individuals ( 10 ). miR-223 and miR-451a in stool have also been identified as specific non-invasive diagnostic markers for NEC ( 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it is difficult to differentiate NEC from other neonatal conditions that have similar symptoms ( 7 , 8 ). At present, treatments are non-specific and are used to achieve relief of clinical symptoms ( 9 , 10 ). The increasing incidence and prevalence of NEC have produced a global medical burden ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNA molecule with a length of ∼23 nucleotides that acts as a potential negative regulator ( 11 – 13 ). The main function of miRNA is decreasing the expression of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by translation inhibition or mRNA degradation via recognizing the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) sequences of mRNAs ( 10 , 14 , 15 ). Abnormal miRNA expression has been demonstrated to play important roles in several human diseases including tumors, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and intestinal disorders ( 16 – 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role and mechanisms of miRNA in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

et al. 2022

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Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most significant causes of neonatal mortality, is a disease of acute intestinal inflammation. At present, it is not clear exactly how the disease is caused, but it has been suggested that this disorder is a result of a complex interaction among prematurity, enteral feeding and inappropriate pro-inflammation response and bacterial infection of the intestine. A microRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNA that is about 23 nucleotides long engaging in the regulation of the gene expression. Recently, numerous studies have determined that abnormal miRNA expression plays important roles in various diseases, including NEC. Here, we summarized the role of miRNAs in NEC. We introduce the biosynthetic and function of miRNAs and then describe the possible mechanisms of miRNAs in the initiation and development of NEC, including their influence on the intestinal epithelial barrier's function and regulation of the inflammatory process. Finally, this review aids in a comprehensive understanding of the current miRNA to accurately predict the diagnosis of NEC and provide ideas to find potential therapeutic targets of miRNA for NEC. In conclusion, our aims are to highlight the close relationship between miRNAs and NEC and to summarize the practical value of developing diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of NEC.

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