Urine and Serum Cathepsin B Concentrations in the Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

Abstract

Cathepsin B concentrations correlate well with grading and invasivity of tumors and may have diagnostic value in investigation of bladder cell carcinoma. New index U-cathepsin B/Creatinine ratio is more appropriate biomarker to monitor TCC, than U-cathepsin B so far.

Quantitative Detection of Cathepsin B Activity in Neutral pH Buffers Using Gold Microelectrode Arrays: Toward Direct Multiplex Analyses of Extracellular Proteases in Human Serum

“…This translates into ∼6.5 ± 0.4 nM equivalent rhCB in 100% HS. Since the rhCB consists of ∼60% 37 kDa proenzyme and ∼40% 29 kDa active enzyme with an average molecular weight of 33.8 kDa, the cathepsin B quantity in 100% HS by our ELISA study can be estimated as ∼220 ± 13 ng/mL, which is close to the reported values of 13.2–126 ng/mL in HS by ELISA in the literature. − From these results, the LOD of cathepsin B concentration by ELISA can be determined as ∼32 ± 0.6 pM in 0.5× PB and ∼ 59 ± 2.8 pM in 2.5% HS in 0.5× PB based on the 3-σ definition (LOD = 3σ/m), where σ is the standard deviation in measurements of the low-rhCB-concentration sample (25 pM) and m is the slope of calibration eqs and , respectively. Thus, the LOD of rhCB concentration by our electrochemical method is comparable to that by ELISA.…”

Quantitative electrochemical detection of cathepsin B activity in breast cancer cell lysates using carbon nanofiber nanoelectrode arrays toward identification of cancer formation

“…According to Karel Kotaska et al's bladder cancer study, the concentration of cathepsin B in serum is in the range of 27-126 μg·L -1 and that in urine is in the range of 0-2.54 μg·L -1 . 2 The lowest concentration of purified cathepsin B by using ACV on VACNF NEA in our previous study is ∼450 μg·L -1 (13.3 nM), about 4-20 times of the concentration of cathepsin B in serum and >200 times more in urine. 15 In order to effectively detect the cathepsin B in serum or urine samples, the detection limit of our electrochemical method needs to be further improved.…”

“…1 The most useful prognostic parameters for cancer recurrence and progression are the tumor grade, the depth of tumor penetration (stage) and the presence of carcinoma in situ. 2 Quantitative detection of molecular biomarkers that are involved in breast tumor progression is another important avenue for cancer diagnosis and treatment. It is known that cancer metastasis involves proteases, a group of enzymes that cause proteolysis to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and intercellular cohesive structures of neighboring cells leading to the activation of growth and angiogenic factors, 3, 4 which could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis.…”

“…Kotaska et al found that cathepsin B concentrations have been significantly elevated in the serum and urine samples from bladder cancer patients and correlated well with grading and invasivity of tumors. 2 Chen's group claimed that the serum level of cathepsin B was significantly higher in the lung cancer patients compared to the healthy controls. 11 Using immunochemical staining of tissue section and immunoblotting of cell lysates, Nouh et al found that there was a positive correlation between the expression of cathepsin B and the number of positive metastatic lymph nodes in inflammatory breast cancer.…”

Cathepsin D serum and urine concentration in superficial and invasive transitional bladder cancer as determined by surface plasmon resonance imaging

“…The majority of studies have focused on the evaluation of Cat D expression in TCC ( 17 , 18 ), and all of these studies have identified high Cat D expression in TCC tissues. Few studies have determined the concentration of various cathepsins in the serum and urine ( 19 ); however, a single study ( 20 ) reported Cat D activity in serum. The aim of this study was to determine the Cat D concentration in the blood serum and urine of patients with bladder cancer.…”