Urinary Tract Infection in Renal Transplant Patients

Krčmery, S.

doi:10.1159/000061397

Cited by 3 publications

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“…This finding is potentially significant, not just for UTI in catheterized patients, but also for other patients who have inserted silicone medical devices including those patients who receive transplants or who are admitted into intensive care units. Importantly, such patients would appear to have a higher incidence of colonization with C. glabrata than with other NCAC species (Manzano-Gayosso et al, 2008;Guglielmo et al, 1994;Krcmery, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicone colonization by non-Candida albicans Candida species in the presence of urine

Silva

Negri

Henriques

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common nosocomial infections and 80 % are related to the use of urinary catheters. Furthermore, Candida species are responsible for around 15 % of UTIs and an increasing involvement of non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species (e.g. Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis) has been recognized. Given the fact that silicone is frequently used in the manufacture of urinary catheters, the aim of this work was to compare both the adhesion and biofilm formation on silicone of different urinary clinical isolates of NCAC species (i.e. C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis) in the presence of urine. Several clinical isolates of NCAC species recovered from patients with UTIs, together with reference strains of each species, were examined. Adhesion and biofilm formation were performed in artificial urine and the biofilm biomass was assessed by crystal violet staining. Hydrophobicity and surface charge of cells was determined by measuring contact angles and zeta potential, respectively. The number of viable cells in biofilms was determined by enumeration of c.f.u. after appropriate culture. The biofilm structure was also examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that all isolates adhered to silicone in a species-and strain-dependent manner with C. parapsilosis showing the lowest and C. glabrata the highest levels of adhesion. However, these differences in adhesion abilities cannot be correlated with surface properties since all strains examined were hydrophilic and exhibited a similar zeta potential. Despite a higher number of cultivable cells being recovered after 72 h of incubation, stronger biofilm formation was not observed and CLSM showed an absence of extracellular polymeric material for all isolates examined. In summary, this work demonstrated that all tested NCAC species were able to adhere to and survive on silicone in the presence of urine. Furthermore, C. glabrata strains presented higher colonization abilities than C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis strains, a fact that might explain the larger role of C. glabrata colonization and disseminated infections in hospitalized and catheterized patients. INTRODUCTIONNosocomial infections constitute a serious public health problem, as they are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and cause an increased time of hospitalization with associated enhanced healthcare costs (Tamura et al., 2003). Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of nosocomial infections (Schaberg et al., 1991;Tamura et al., 2003) and more than 80 % of nosocomial UTIs are related to the use of medical devices such as urinary catheters (Febré et al., 1999;Harris et al., 1999;Douglas, 2002;Chow et al., 2008). Furthermore, Candida species are responsible for around 80 % of fungal infections in the hospital environment and 10-15 % of UTIs are caused by these micro-organisms (Amer et al., 2004). Although the majority of infections are caused by Candida albicans (Richards et a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicone colonization by non-Candida albicans Candida species in the presence of urine

Silva

Negri

Henriques

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Fadenwürmer (intestinale Nematoden)

Schieferstein

Just‐Nübling

Infektiologie Des Gastrointestinaltraktes

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Candida Species: New Insights into Biofilm Formation

et al. 2012

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Biofilms of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis are associated with high indices of hospital morbidity and mortality. Major factors involved in the formation and growth of Candida biofilms are the chemical composition of the medical implant and the cell wall adhesins responsible for mediating Candida–Candida, Candida–human host cell and Candida–medical device adhesion. Strategies for elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the formation of Candida biofilms combine tools from biology, chemistry, nanoscience, material science and physics. This review proposes the use of new technologies, such as synchrotron radiation, to study the mechanisms of biofilm formation. In the future, this information is expected to facilitate the design of new materials and antifungal compounds that can eradicate nosocomial Candida infections due to biofilm formation on medical implants. This will reduce dissemination of candidiasis and hopefully improve the quality of life of patients.

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Urinary Tract Infection in Renal Transplant Patients

Cited by 3 publications

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Silicone colonization by non-Candida albicans Candida species in the presence of urine

Silicone colonization by non-Candida albicans Candida species in the presence of urine

Fadenwürmer (intestinale Nematoden)

Candida Species: New Insights into Biofilm Formation

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