Urinary tract infection

Jantausch, Barbara; Kher, Kanwal K.

doi:10.3109/9780203482308-44

Cited by 14 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The children were studied for microscopic hematuria, pyuria, dysuria and voiding disorders, such as enuresis and incontinence, and for calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and uric acid/ creatinine (UA/Cr) ratios. All children were checked for microscopic hematuria (≥5 erythrocyte/hpf on a centrifuged urine specimen) and pyuria (≥10 white blood cells/hpf) according to reference values [27,28]. Two fasting urine samples were obtained from each subject in the morning, about 2 weeks apart.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary calcium and uric acid excretion in children with vesicoureteral reflux

et al. 2011

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Urolithiasis is relatively common in children, and identifiable predisposing factors for stone formation, including metabolic and structural derangements, can be established in most cases. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common cause of kidney stone formation. The pathophysiological mechanism of urolithiasis in reflux is related to urinary tract infection and urinary stasis, both of which promote urinary crystal formation, but metabolic causes, such as crystallurias (mostly hypercalciuria), may also be involved in this process. However, few studies on urinary calcium and uric acid excretion in children with VUR have been conducted. We have studied the frequency of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria in children with VUR and compared the results with those from a control group. The VUR group comprised 108 children with VUR (19 boys, 89 girls; age range 3 months to 12 years), and the control group comprised 110 healthy children without any history of reflux or urinary tract infection (30 boys, 80 girls; age range 2 months to 12 years). Fasting urine was analyzed for the calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and uric acid/creatinine (UA/Cr) ratios. Hypercalciuria was more frequently diagnosed in the VUR patients than in the control group (21.3 vs. 3.6%; P = 0.0001). Significant differences between the two groups were also found for the mean Ca/Cr and UA/Cr ratios (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). No differences were found in the urinary Ca/Cr or UA/Cr ratios related to VUR grading or unilateral/bilateral VUR in the patient group, with the exception of those for hypercalciuria and mild VUR (P = 0.03). The association of urinary stones and microlithiasis in the VUR group was 29.6%. Our results demonstrate that the frequency of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria was higher in pediatric patients with VUR than in healthy children. Knowing this relationship, preventive and therapeutic interventions for stone formation in VUR could be greatly expanded.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary calcium and uric acid excretion in children with vesicoureteral reflux

et al. 2011

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“…Early diagnosis and treatment of UTI is important, because missed or delayed diagnosis of UTI may result in the failure of appropriate treatment and possibly lead to long-term consequences, including renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal failure [1]. Although urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosing UTI [2], positive culture results require 2-3 days to complete identification of the bacteria found. Therefore, in daily practice, urinalysis is commonly used to diagnose UTI and to decide whether to start treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in children [1,2]. Early diagnosis and treatment of UTI is important, because missed or delayed diagnosis of UTI may result in the failure of appropriate treatment and possibly lead to long-term consequences, including renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal failure [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early prediction of urinary tract infection with urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin

Yılmaz¹,

et al. 2009

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Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a protein identified in human neutrophil granules. The aim of the study was to assess whether urine level of NGAL (uNGAL) could represent a novel, reliable marker of urinary tract infection (UTI) and to determine the optimal cutoff level for uNGAL to predict UTI in children. Sixty patients with symptomatic UTI and 29 healthy controls were enrolled the study. Urine NGAL was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) radionuclide scan was performed within 7 days in the patients with UTI in an attempt to distinguish pyelonephritis from cystitis. Mean uNGAL level was significantly higher in the UTI group than in the controls (91.02 ng/ml vs 14.29 ng/ml, p = 0.0001) and using a cutoff 20 ng/ml for uNGAL for diagnosis of UTI, sensitivity, and specificity were 97% and 76%, respectively [area under the curve (AUC): 0.979]. Mean uNGAL/creatinine ratio (uNGAL/Cr) was also significantly higher in the UTI group [201.81 ng/mg creatinine (Cr) vs 18.08 ng/mg Cr; p = 0.0001], and using a cutoff 30 ng/mg Cr for uNGAL/Cr for diagnosis of UTI, sensitivity and specificity were 98% and 76%, respectively (AUC: 0.992). In conclusion, both uNGAL and uNGAL/Cr can be used as a novel, sensitive marker for early prediction of UTI in the absence of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, and the optimal cutoff value for prediction of UTI is lower than the values determined for acute kidney injury. Further investigations with larger patient groups are required to confirm our results.

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“…Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common diseases in children that affect up to 3% of boys and 8% of girls (1)(2)(3)(4). Urinary tract infections if missed or left untreated can lead to renal scar and hypertension which can be malignant and severe enough to cause hypertensive encephalopathy (5).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic challenges in Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Sharifian

2015

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Context: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections in children that affect up to 3% of boys and 8% of girls. Delay in diagnosis and treatment causes renal injury and scars that can progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis and transplantation. Results: There are many pitfalls in diagnosis of UTIs both with urinalysis and culture methods and also in evaluating the risk factors and causes of UTIs. Conclusions: This paper reviews and discusses the common pitfalls in diagnosis and evaluation of UTIs in children.

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Urinary tract infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Urinary calcium and uric acid excretion in children with vesicoureteral reflux

Urinary calcium and uric acid excretion in children with vesicoureteral reflux

Early prediction of urinary tract infection with urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin

Diagnostic challenges in Urinary Tract Infections in Children

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