Urinary tract complications of anticoagulation therapy; “Pseudotumour” of the kidney

Macroscopic Hematuria—A Leading Urological Problem in Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: Is the Common Diagnostic Standard Still Advisable?

“…However, such a policy leads to invasive procedures, for example, cystoscopy and imaging for 95% of patients with microscopic hematuria without malignancy detected [31]. The 3 types of hemorrhage that may occur in and around the urinary tract are retroperitoneal, intraluminal, and intrarenal [32]. Intraluminal bleeding often results in the formation of clots with possible painful passage or retention in the renal pelvis, which may simulate a neoplasm [33].…”

Multifocal Bleeding due to Anticoagulant Therapy

“…Hematuria is the most common sign of bleeding from anticoagulant therapy [5,6]. Urinary signs and symptoms of anticoag ulant overdose depend on the site and extent of the bleeding and may include hematuria, urinary retention, flanks or abdominal pain, acute renal failure and hypo volemic shock [5][6][7][8].…”

“…Intraluminal bleeding with clot formation in the renal pelvis may lead to intrinsic obstruction, white intraparenchymal renal hemorrhage can cause formation of a pseudo-tumor or mass lesion with infarction [6,7,9], Unilateral and even bilateral ureteral obstruction from extrinsic compression caused by retroperitoneal hema toma has been reported previously during anticoagulant therapy [3,8,10].…”

Toxic Nephropathies

“…Gross hematuria complicating anticoagulant therapy also may induce obstructive nephropathy through intraluminal hemorrhage and clot formation, or by extrinsic compression secondary to retroperitoneal hemorrhage (248). After restoring coagulation to normal and rehydration , this problem should subside, but surgical intervention may bc necessary .…”