Urinary tract cancers: An overview for general practice

Yaxley, Julian

doi:10.4103/2249-4863.197258

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, WGCNA is usually used to facilitate the screening or identification of candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Tumor node metastasis (TNM) 2009 (7th edition) was recommended for the BC, and previous studies demonstrated that patients with an infiltrative pattern had better survival than those with other pattern types (PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board, 2002 ; Yaxley, 2016 ). In the present study, the WGCNA algorithm was applied to identify candidate biomarkers for BC based on the TNM staging of BC patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Biomarkers Correlated with the TNM Staging and Overall Survival of Patients with Bladder Cancer

Liu

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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Objective: To identify candidate biomarkers correlated with clinical prognosis of patients with bladder cancer (BC).Methods: Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to build a co-expression network to identify hub genes correlated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging of BC patients. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to functionally annotate the hub genes. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of hub genes was performed to identify the interactions among the hub genes. Survival analyses were conducted to characterize the role of hub genes on the survival of BC patients. Gene set enrichment analyses were conducted to find the potential mechanisms involved in the tumor proliferation promoted by hub genes.Results: Based on the results of topological overlap measure based clustering and the inclusion criteria, top 50 hub genes were identified. Hub genes were enriched in cell proliferation associated gene ontology terms (mitotic sister chromatid segregation, mitotic cell cycle and, cell cycle, etc.) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways (cell cycle, Oocyte meiosis, etc.). 17 hub genes were found to interact with ≥5 of the hub genes. Survival analysis of hub genes suggested that lower expression of MMP11, COL5A2, CDC25B, TOP2A, CENPF, CDCA3, TK1, TPX2, CDCA8, AEBP1, and FOXM1were associated with better overall survival of BC patients. BC samples with higher expression of hub genes were enriched in gene sets associated with P53 pathway, apical junction, mitotic spindle, G2M checkpoint, and myogenesis, etc.Conclusions: We identified several candidate biomarkers correlated with the TNM staging and overall survival of BC patients. Accordingly, they might be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets with clinical utility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Biomarkers Correlated with the TNM Staging and Overall Survival of Patients with Bladder Cancer

Liu

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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“…Prostate cancer, renal cancer and urothelial carcinoma are common types of malignancies worldwide [ 2 ]. Although the underlying mechanism of its development is largely unclear, it has been widely accepted that environmental risk factors such as cumulative cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, certain occupational exposures, radiation and possible carcinogens including N-nitrosamines, aniline, vinyl chloride and urethane are involved in the onset of urinary cancer [ 3 ]. Nevertheless, very small fraction of individuals who exposed to the risk factors eventually become urinary cancer patients, indicating that other causes, such as genetic susceptibility, might affect the variat individual urinary cancer risk [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms and urinary cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Fang

Zhang

2017

Oncotarget

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ObjectiveStudies investigating the contribution of Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) polymorphisms to the etiology of urinary cancer draw inconsistent conclusions. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I and Dra I polymorphisms and urinary cancer susceptibility.Materials and MethodsMeta-analysis based on the eligible case-control studies that assess the association of CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I and Dra I polymorphisms with urinary cancer was conducted. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and cancer type were also carried out. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations between the two polymorphisms. Funnel plot and Begg’s test were used for publication bias diagnosis.ResultsWe found decreased urinary cancer risk among subjects carrying CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1c2 + c2c2 genotype and c2 allele (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.68–0.79 and OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.74–0.85, respectively), with 3,301 cases and 3,786 controls from 14 studies. We also observed a significant difference in c1c2 + c2c2 vs. c1c1 and c2 vs. c1 among Asians (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.60–0.78 and OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.66–0.85, respectively). However, the meta-analysis based on 5 eligible studies showed no significant association between CYP2E1 Dra I polymorphism and urinary cancer susceptibility in either dominant model or the allele model.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis concluded that CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I polymorphism correlates with urinary cancers risk in Asian population; while CYP2E1 Dra I polymorphism might be not significantly associated with the urinary cancer risks. Large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these results.

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“…Lack of reliable genetic markers hinders therapeutic decision‐making and causes substantial problems in diagnosis, prognosis and management. Early detection and adequate follow‐up are the clinical challenges due to recurrence being frequent and deferred diagnosis being associated with poor prognosis . Therefore, it is required to identify potential biomarkers with better correlations to malignancy development and/or medication outcomes in UTUC and UBUC patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Downregulation of the cytochrome P450 4B1 protein confers a poor prognostic factor in patients with urothelial carcinomas of upper urinary tracts and urinary bladder

Lin

Chan

et al. 2019

APMIS

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Downregulation of the cytochrome P450 4B1 protein confers a poor prognostic factor in patients with urothelial carcinomas of upper urinary tracts and urinary bladder. APMIS 2019; 127: 170-180.The objective of this study was to examine the expression level of cytochrome P450 4B1 (CYP4B1) protein and its clinical significance in specimens from patients with urothelial carcinomas (UC) including upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC, n = 340) and urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC, n = 295). Data mining on public domains identified five potential candidate transcripts which were downregulated in advanced UBUCs, indicating that it might implicate in UC progression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the CYP4B1 protein levels on 635 tissues from UC patients retrospectively. Immunoexpression of CYP4B1 was further estimated using the H-score method. Correlations between CYP4B1 H-score and important clinicopathological factors, as well as the significance of CYP4B1 expression level for disease-specific and metastasis-free survivals were evaluated. In UTUCs and UBUCs, 118 (34.7%) and 92 (31.2%) patients, respectively, were identified to be of CYP4B1 downregulation. The CYP4B1 expression level was found to be associated with several clinicopathological factors and patient survivals. Downregulation of CYP4B1 protein was correlated to advanced primary tumor (p < 0.001), nodal metastasis (p < 0.001), high histological grade (p = 0.001), vascular invasion (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.017) and mitotic rate (p = 0.036) in UTUCs and/or UBUCs. Low CYP4B1 protein level independently predicted inferior disease-specific (p = 0.009; p < 0.001) and metastasis-free (p = 0.035; p < 0.001) survivals in UTUC and UBUC patients. Our findings showed that downregulation of CYP4B1 protein level is an independent unfavorable prognosticator. Loss of the CYP4B1 gene expression may play an important role in UC progression. * These authors contributed equally to this work.The most common tumor type of urinary tract is the urothelial carcinoma (UC), originated from either the upper urinary tract (UTUC, renal pelvis and ureter) or the urinary bladder (UBUC). Similar risk factors such as tobacco and occupational expo sure contribute to UTUC and UBUC, while other carcinogens such as phenacetin, Balkan endemic nephropathy, Chinese herb nephropathy

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Urinary tract cancers: An overview for general practice

Cited by 49 publications

References 26 publications

Identification of Biomarkers Correlated with the TNM Staging and Overall Survival of Patients with Bladder Cancer

Identification of Biomarkers Correlated with the TNM Staging and Overall Survival of Patients with Bladder Cancer

Association between CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms and urinary cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Downregulation of the cytochrome P450 4B1 protein confers a poor prognostic factor in patients with urothelial carcinomas of upper urinary tracts and urinary bladder

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