Urinary tract and genito‐urinary suppurative infections due to anaerobic bacteria

Brook, Itzhak

doi:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2003.00756.x

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Similarly, a pigmented Prevotella sp. and L. amnionii have been isolated by culture or detected by PCR in urine specimens (23,24). It has been suggested that lactobacillus probiotics such as vaginal suppositories may be effective in reducing the recurrence of UTIs following antimicrobial therapy and in maintaining a normal microflora (25,26); however, in a recent metaanalysis (27) it was concluded that the number of trials was small and that more studies are needed before recommendations can be given.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosed by Analysis of First-Void-Urine Specimens

et al. 2014

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e Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is traditionally diagnosed using vaginal samples. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BV can be diagnosed from first-void urine (FVU). Self-collected vaginal smears, vaginal swabs, and FVU were obtained from 176 women. BV was diagnosed by Nugent's criteria. The FVU and vaginal swabs were analyzed by quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) for selected vaginal bacteria (Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 2, Eggerthella-like bacterium, "Leptotrichia amnionii," Megasphaera type 1), and all had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of >85%, suggesting good prediction of BV according to the Nugent score. All seven bacteria in FVU were significantly associated with BV in univariate analysis. An accurate diagnosis of BV from urine was obtained in this population by a combination of qPCRs for Megasphaera type 1 and Prevotella spp. The same two bacteria remained significantly associated with BV in a multivariate model after adjusting for the other five species. There was no statistically significant difference between the sensitivities and specificities of BV diagnosis by molecular methods performed on swabs and FVU samples. A linear regression analysis showed good agreement between bacterial loads from swabs and FVU, but Prevotella spp. could be detected in high numbers in a few FVU samples without being present in swabs. This method will allow diagnosis of BV in studies where only urine has been collected and where detection of BV is considered relevant. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an alteration of the normal Lactobacillus sp.-dominated vaginal flora toward a more diverse bacterial flora with overgrowth of facultative and strict anaerobic microorganisms. The BV flora includes anaerobes such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Mobiluncus spp., and several uncultured species, e.g., bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria (BVAB) 1, 2, 3, and TM7, Megasphaera spp., and Eggerthella-like uncultured bacteria (1, 2).The classical and most commonly used algorithms for diagnosing BV are represented by clinical and microscopic classification criteria. The former were established by Amsel et al. (3) and consist of a set of four characteristics, including a homogenous, white vaginal discharge, a fishy odor of the vaginal discharge before or after addition of 10% potassium hydroxide, pH of the vaginal fluid elevated above 4.5, and the presence of clue cells (squamous epithelial cells covered with adherent bacteria). At least three of the four criteria must be present to diagnose BV. Different microscopy scores to diagnose BV have been established, some of them based on Gram-stained vaginal smears (4-6) and others based on wet-smear microscopy (7,8). Among these, the criteria published by Nugent et al. (5) are the most widely used and are considered the gold standard for diagnosing BV.Several studies on the diagnosis of BV using PCR have been published recently (9-13), but all these have...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosed by Analysis of First-Void-Urine Specimens

et al. 2014

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“…Bacteria in the vagina could migrate up to intrauterine and oviduct. If accompanied with aerobic bacteria, it provides a good environment for the anaerobes to grow and reproduce, causing genital inflammation [18]. After the infection, inappropriate use of antibiotics could lead to dysbacteriosis and the increase of anaerobic infections [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Antibacterial Activity of Antibiotics to Anaerobes of Female Genital Tract in Vitro

Zhan¹

2016

EJPM

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This study to investigate predominant anaerobic bacteria and their sensitivity spectrum to antibiotics in female patients with genital tract infections from the local and thus to provide scientific basis for the appropriate use of antibiotics. Anaerobic culture method was used to culture and isolate anaerobes in female patients with genital tract infections. Anaerobes were identified by using micro-biochemistry reacting technique and antibiotic-disc susceptibility test. Antibacterial activity of antibiotics to anaerobes was analyzed by means of Kirby-Bauer testing and broth micro-dilution method. The experiment results showed that 72 strains of obligate anaerobes were isolated from 103 samples, positive rate of 69.90%. The predominant anaerobic bacterial were Gram-negative non-spore bacteroides (28 strains, 38.89%) and anaerobic peptostreptococcus (18 strains, 25%). Sensitivity rate of anaerobic cocci, bacteroides and veillonella to metronidazole was 90.91%, 85.71% and 80% respectively. The drug resistance rates of the three isolated anaerobes were all higher than 60% to amikacin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Comparing the MIC 50 and MIC 90 values of metronidazole (MTZ), penicillin G (PCG) and lincomycin (LCM) on the isolated anaerobes, MTZ had the lowest MIC 50 and MIC 90 value. The study suggested that anaerobic infection has become a major pathogenic bacterium of infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. Although MTZ has shown strong antibacterial activity in vitro, a few drug resistant strains appeared in the clinically isolated anaerobes and there is an upward trend of the MIC values of MTZ at different rates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten Commandments of Hypospadias Surgery

Jawale¹

2017

JPNC

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Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com penile in 77(30%) and proximal Hypospadias in 46(18%) patients. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) by Dr. Warren Snodgrass and Byar's two stage urethroplasty were the only two basic methods applied. Only 13 patients (5%) of total required two stage repairs. Subsequent 10 years, I operated 512 cases of hypospadias with the Ten Commandments. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) Warren Snodgrass repair and Byar's two stage urethroplasty were the only two basic methods applied. Distal Hypospadias was found in 230(45%), Mid penile in 180(35%) and proximal Hypospadias in 102(20%) patients. Only 23 patients (4.5%) of total required two stage repair. Results:The results of Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) Warren Snodgrass repair are as follows: fistula rate of 10 % and 21% respectively for distal and proximal hypospadias. Meatal Stenosis in 3% cases. No patient had urethral stricture and glanular dehiscence. No patient had a residual chordee. Complication of two staged urethroplasty are fistula rate 24%, meatal stenosis 3%, no patients had residual chordee and complete disruption. The two staged urethroplasties done with buccal mucosa as an onlay graft are very bad with 50-100 % failure, many centers have discontinued these repairs. Hence I did not perform any of these repairs in my series. The results of my series with 257 cases before the protocol(group A) were as follows: 33 patients (12.8%) developed meatal stenosis for which only one urethral dilatation under GA was required. 78 patients(30.35%) developed fistula and 18 of them closed spontaneously with conservative treatment and 60(23.34%) required fistula repair. Total complication rate was 66.5 % .The results of my series with 512 cases done with Ten Commandments (group B) were as follows: 17 patients (3%) developed meatal stenosis for which only one urethral dilatation under GA was required. Although 9 patients developed fistula 6 of them closed spontaneously with conservative treatment and only three required fistula repair (0.6%). Total complication rate was 3.6 %.No patient developed a urethral stricture. Incidance of meatal stenosis, fistula formation, fistula closure operation and total complication rate of group A was compared to group B and all the complications were found to be far less frequent in group B compared to group A and the difference was found to be statistically significant. The results of group B were compared to the series of Warren Snodgrass and Aseem Shukla who are the international authorities on the subject and have written a chapter on Hypospadias in paediatric urology text book Kelalis and King. They have a fistula rate of 10 % and 21% respectively for distal and proximal hypospadias which is 17 and 35 times higher than my series. Other international series on Hypospadias have more or less similar outcomes. III. Suprapubic diversion for three weeks. Healing takes about 3-4 weeks and removing urethral stent in one week time is too early. Urine flows in forc...

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Urinary tract and genito‐urinary suppurative infections due to anaerobic bacteria

Cited by 53 publications

References 47 publications

Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosed by Analysis of First-Void-Urine Specimens

Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosed by Analysis of First-Void-Urine Specimens

Analysis of Antibacterial Activity of Antibiotics to Anaerobes of Female Genital Tract in Vitro

Ten Commandments of Hypospadias Surgery

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