Urinary pharmacokinetics of betalains following consumption of red beet juice in healthy humans

Frank, Thomas; Stintzing, Florian C.; Carle, Reinhold; Bitsch, I.; Quaas, D.; Straß, G.; Bitsch, Roland; Netzel, M.

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2005.04.005

Cited by 124 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As a final note, current studies in the authors' laboratory show that betanin is transported through human CaCo-2 cell monolayers with an apparent permeability coefficient that rules out paracellular transport and suggests that dietary betanin can be absorbed quite effectively during its intestinal transit (data to be published). While these data appear to confirm the observations in humans (Kanner et al 2001;Tesoriere et al 2004aTesoriere et al , 2005Frank et al 2005), the actual amounts recovered in vivo, quite lower than suggested by in vitro experiments, would indicate metabolism and/or bacterial degradation of the molecule in gut, which should be investigated . 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Beneficial effects could be considered at the gastrointestinal level, however (Halliwell et al 2005). Betanin, instead, has been shown to be bioavailable in humans, after ingestion of either cactus pear fruits or red beet (Kanner et al 2001;Tesoriere et al 2004aTesoriere et al , 2005Frank et al 2005), reaching plasma concentrations sufficient to promote its incorporation in LDL and red blood cells (Tesoriere et al 2004a. It is in light of these findings that the chemistry of the peroxyl radical-scavenging activity of betanin, and relevant parameters, deserve to be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…may largely affect bioavailability. Studies in humans reporting kinetics of absorption and extent of plasma concentration and urinary excretion (Kanner et al 2001;Tesoriere et al 2004a;Frank et al 2005) provided evidence that discrete amounts of betanin can reach the circulation and distribute in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (Tesoriere et al 2004a) and red blood cells , where the molecule presumably was involved in antioxidant protection. On this basis, investigating the activity of betanin as a lipid antioxidant and providing kinetic parameters of the activity has been a stimulating challenge for our group (Tesoriere et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipoperoxyl Radical Scavenging and Antioxidative Effects of Red Beet Pigments

Livrea

Tesoriere

2012

Red Beet Biotechnology

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Aerobic life is characterized by a steady formation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which is almost entirely counteracted by endogenous primary and secondary antioxidant systems. Maintenance of these systems is then imperative to ensure a continuous defense to cells and to avoid conditions known as oxidative stress. Apart from antioxidant vitamins, many compounds from the plant kingdom are now considered very helpful to maintain a proper cell redox balance. Among them, betalain pigments have received recent attention. Betanin (betanidin-5-O-β glucoside) is the main betacyanin from red beet. Redox potential, ability to interact with lipid structures and bioavailability in humans make this molecule a potential natural antioxidant with protective effects in vivo. This review summarizes the peroxyl radicalscavenging activity of the molecule and of its aglycone betanidin, as observed in a few chemical or biological models. Abstract Aerobic life is characterized by a steady formation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which is almost entirely counteracted by endogenous primary and secondary antioxidant systems. Maintenance of these systems is then imperative to ensure a continuous defense to cells and to avoid conditions known as oxidative stress. Apart from antioxidant vitamins, many compounds from the plant kingdom are now considered very helpful to maintain a proper cell redox balance. Among them, betalain pigments have received recent attention. Betanin (betanidin-5-O-b glucoside) is the main betacyanin from red beet. Redox potential, ability to interact with lipid structures and bioavailability in humans make this molecule a potential natural antioxidant with protective effects in vivo. This review summarizes the peroxyl radical-scavenging activity of the molecule and of its aglycone betanidin, as observed in a few chemical or biological models.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipoperoxyl Radical Scavenging and Antioxidative Effects of Red Beet Pigments

Livrea

Tesoriere

2012

Red Beet Biotechnology

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“…Beetroot contains several highly bioactive phenolics, such as rutin, epicatechin and caffeic acid which are also known to be excellent antioxidants (Georgiev et al, 2010;Frank et al, 2005;Manach et al, 2005). Furthermore, nitrite and other NO donors akin to beetroot have been shown to suppress radical formation and directly scavenge potentially damaging Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) (Lundberg et al, 2011;Wink et al, 2001 andWink et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) intake on the level of some hematological tests in a group of female volunteers

Al-aboud¹

2018

ISABB. J. Food and Agric. Sci.

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The plant kingdom constitutes a source of new chemical compounds which may be important owing to their potential use in medicine and other applications. This study discussed the effect of taking 8 g of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) for 20 days on the blood samples of female volunteers where the hemoglobin levels before and after the study was recorded. The results showed mild increase in hemoglobin readings, decrease in total iron binding capacity (TIBC), increase in ferritin and decrease in transferrin. Also, there was mild increase in serum iron levels after taking beetroot. Regarding MCV, it showed mild increase in four volunteers only. However, more research is needed to clearly identify mechanisms of action and proper dosing patterns to maximize the performance benefits of beetroot.

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“…In order to have the favorable effects, the Betalains, taken through food, must be absorbed in adequate amounts, transported in the bloodstream and distributed to tissues. Many studies demonstrated that after dietary intake of the fruit of the prickly pear [8] and beetroot juice [9,10], indicaxanthin and betanin ( Fig. 1) plasma levels are in the order micromolar (which is a fairly high value compared to other phytochemicals) [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Determination of the pK a Values of Betalamic Acid Related to the Free Radical Scavenger Capacity: Comparison Between Empirical and Quantum Chemical Methods

Tutone

Lauria

Almerico

2015

Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci

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Health benefits of dietary phytochemicals have been suggested in recent years. Among 1000s of different compounds, Betalains, which occur in vegetables of the Cariophyllalae order (cactus pear fruits and red beet), have been considered because of reducing power and potential to affect redox-modulated cellular processes. The antioxidant power of Betalains is strictly due to the dissociation rate of the acid moieties present in all the molecules of this family of phytochemicals. Experimentally, only the pK avalues of betanin were determined. Recently, it was evidenced it was evidenced as the acid dissociation, at different environmental pHs, affects on its electron-donating capacity, and further on its free radical scavenging power. The identical correlation was studied on another Betalains family compound, Betalamic Acid. Experimental evidences showed that the free radical scavenging capacity of this compound drastically decreases at pH [ 5, but pK a values were experimentally not measured. With the aim to justify the Betalamic Acid behavior as free radical scavenger, in this paper we tried to predict in silico the pK a values by means different approaches. Starting from the known experimental pK a s of acid compounds, both phytochemicals and small organic, two empirical approaches and quantum-mechanical calculation were compared to give reliable prediction of the pK a s of Betalamic Acid.Results by means these computational approaches are consistent with the experimental evidences. As shown herein, in silico, the totally dissociated species, at the experimental pH [ 5 in solution, is predominant, exploiting the higher electron-donating capability (HOMO energy). Therefore, the computational estimated pK a values of Betalamic Acid resulted very reliable.

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Urinary pharmacokinetics of betalains following consumption of red beet juice in healthy humans

Cited by 124 publications

References 26 publications

Lipoperoxyl Radical Scavenging and Antioxidative Effects of Red Beet Pigments

Lipoperoxyl Radical Scavenging and Antioxidative Effects of Red Beet Pigments

Effect of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) intake on the level of some hematological tests in a group of female volunteers

Theoretical Determination of the pK a Values of Betalamic Acid Related to the Free Radical Scavenger Capacity: Comparison Between Empirical and Quantum Chemical Methods

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