Urinary naphthols as an indicator of exposure to naphthalene

Bieniek, G

doi:10.5271/sjweh.263

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Smokers typically have urinary 1-and 2-hydroxynaphthalene levels that are about 2 to 3 times higher than nonsmokers in both occupationally exposed and general populations Nan et al, 2001;Serdar et al, 2003aSerdar et al, , 2003b. Depending on the intensity of exposure, workers exposed to naphthalene have been found to have geometric mean urinary 1-and 2-hydroxynaphthalene levels that range from around 2 to 100 times higher than the levels in this Report (Bieniek 1997;Nan et al, 2001;Serdar et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In the NHANES 2001-2002 subsample, levels of atrazine mercapturate were generally not detectable (CDC, 2005). In small studies of Maryland residents in 1995(MacIntosh et al, 1999 and 83 Minnesota children with multiple urine collections during 1997(Adgate et al, 2001, atrazine mercapturate was infrequently detected at the detection limit of < 1 μg/L. In a study of 60 farm worker children, atrazine was detected in only four children (Arcury et al, 2007).…”

Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies of workers, naphthalene air concentrations were correlated with 1-and 2-hydroxynaphthalene urine concentrations (Bieniek 1994;1997). Both naphthalene and the insecticide carbaryl are metabolized to 1-hydroxynaphthalene, making it difficult to distinguish between these exposures in the general population .…”

Section: Fourth National Report On Human Exposure To Environmental Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fourth National Report On Human Exposure To Environmental Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

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Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Naphthalene tends to be the predominant airborne compound in the processing and handling of coal tar products 1,16) , in iron foundry 29) and in creosote impregnation plants 30,31) Naphthalene is metabolized almost exclusively to 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol 16) . Detection of naphthols in the urine is the most widely used indicator of naphthalene exposure 32,33) As seen in Table 2, concentrations of naphthol isomers are higher in the urine of workers engaged in the naphthalene oil distillation than in the tar distillation departments, but are not statistically significant. Differences between the concentrations of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol detected in the urine of exposed and nonexposed subjects are statistically significant.…”

Section: · Grazyna Bieniek Et Al: External and Internal Exposures Tmentioning

confidence: 91%

Occupational Exposure to Aromatic Hydrocarbons at a Coke Plant: Part II. Exposure Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds

Bieniek

Kurkiewicz

Wilczok

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational Health

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Occupational Exposure to Aromatic Hydrocarbons at a Coke Plant: Part II. Exposure Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds: Grażyna Bieniek, et al. Department of Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Silesia, Poland— The objective of the study is to assess the external and internal exposures to aromatic hydrocarbons in the tar and oil naphthalene distillation processes at a coke plant. 69 workers engaged as operators in tar and oil naphthalene distillation processes and 25 non‐exposed subjects were examined. Personal analyses of the benzene, toluene, xylene isomers, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, indan, indene and acenaphthene in the breathing zone air allowed us to determine the time weighted average exposure levels to the aromatic hydrocarbons listed above. The internal exposure was investigated by measurement of the urinary excretion of naphthols, 2‐methylphenol and dimethylphenol isomers by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization detection (GC/FID). Urine metabolites were extracted after enzymatic hydrolysis by solid‐phase extraction with styrene‐divinylbenzene resin. The time‐weighted average concentrations of the hydrocarbons detected in the breathing zone air shows that the exposure levels of the workers are relatively low in comparison to the exposure limits. Statistically significant differences between average concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene isomers) determined at the workplaces in the tar distillation department have been found. Concentrations of the naphthalene and acenaphthene detected in workers from the oil distillation department are higher that those from the tar distillation department. Concentrations of naphthols, 2‐methoxyphenol and dimethylphenol isomers in the urine of occupationally exposed workers were significantly higher than those of non‐exposed subjects. Concentrations of the 2methoxyphenol and dimethylphenol isomers in urine were significantly higher for the tar distillation workers, whereas concentrations of naphthols were higher for the oil naphthalene distillation workers. Operators at the tar and naphthalene oil distillation processes are simultaneously exposed to a mixture of different hydrocarbons, mainly benzene and naphthalene homologues.

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“…According to the earlier literature data, phenols 18) and naphthols 19) were determined quantitatively in the urine of coke plant workers. In our study, we made an effort to identify compounds not detected earlier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Aromatic Hydrocarbons at a Coke Plant: Part I. Identification of Hydrocarbons in Air and their Metabolites in Urine by a Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Method

Bieniek

Kurkiewicz

Wilczok

2004

Journal of Occupational Health

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University of Silesia, Poland-A method for the qualitative analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in air and their various urinary metabolites is presented. The air was sampled in charcoal tubes and extracted with carbon disulfide. The hydrocarbons were identified as being aliphatic hydrocarbons (C 9 -C 19 ), aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds. The urinary metabolites after enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed by solid-phase extraction with a styrened i v i n y l b e n z e n e r e s i n , s i l y l a t i o n w i t h N , Obis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and GC/MS for separation and detection. Satisfactory separation of all compounds investigated was achieved without interference due to matrix peaks. The following compounds were identified in the urine of workers: dimethylphenol isomers, 4-ethyl-1,3-benzenediol, 2-ethoxybenzoic acid and methoxyphenols. Trimethylsilyl d e r i v a t i v e s o f a r o m a t i c h y d r o x y a c i d s a n d hydroxymethoxyacids were found in the urine of occupationally exposed workers by means of a silylation procedure.

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Urinary naphthols as an indicator of exposure to naphthalene

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Occupational Exposure to Aromatic Hydrocarbons at a Coke Plant: Part II. Exposure Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds

Occupational Exposure to Aromatic Hydrocarbons at a Coke Plant: Part I. Identification of Hydrocarbons in Air and their Metabolites in Urine by a Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Method

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