Urinary MicroRNA Sensing Using Electrochemical Biosensor to Evaluate Colorectal Cancer Progression

Abstract

Research in cancer diagnostics has recently established its footing and significance in the biosensor sphere, emphasizing the idea of a unique probe design used as a sensor and actuator, to identify the presence of protein, DNA, RNA, or miRNA. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe and biotinylated probe are designed for a two-pronged approach to the detection of the urinary miR-21 and miR-141, both of which have demonstrated significance in the development and progression of colorectal cancer, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The remainder of the apparatus is composed of a modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), to which the probes adhere, that transduces signals via the redox reaction between H2O2 and HRP, measured with chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. The precise nature of our ultra-non-invasive biosensor makes for a highly sensitive and practical cancer detector, concluded by the significance when establishing disease presence (miR-21 p-value = 0.0176, miR-141 p-value = 0.0032), disease follow-up (miR-21 p-value = 0.00154, miR141 p-value < 0.0005), and even disease severity. This article hopes to emphasize the potential of an additional clinical tool for the management of colorectal cancer.

A Highly Sensitive Urinary Exosomal miRNAs Biosensor Applied to Evaluation of Prostate Cancer Progression

“…Depending on the detection target, different metals, enzymes, complexing agents, polymers, etc., are added to adjust the composition of the ink. The results obtained with proposed exomiR biosensor were compared with previous reports [ 17 , 27 , 32 ], and we optimized the surface of the SPCE with minor modification of the biotin-binding protein Streptavidin to NeutrAvidin, then applied it to real clinical urine samples from PCa patients, which considerably increased affinity of the probe, as well as the stability of the platform. The proposed exomiR biosensor could significantly improve the clinical screening of PCa patients, which, to date, has relied on invasive methods to collect serum to detect PSA.…”

“…The SPCE surface was designed according to our previous study on urinary miRNA sensing in colorectal cancer, with further optimizations [ 27 ]. In brief, we used 50 μL of CMD-Na (50 mg/mL) to generate a carboxylic (COOH) functional group on the SPCE surface and dipped it into a solution of 8 mg/mL 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 22 mg/mL N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS) in a 0.1 M MES buffer (pH 4.7) for 15 min at room temperature in order to activate the COOH, resulting in a stable RC=O-NH-R 2 bond, which allows NeutrAvidin to bind covalently.…”

“…As such, its intuitive applications prompted this experiment. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of miRNAs and their links to disease and cancers [ 17 , 26 , 27 ].…”