Urinary Metabolites of a Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen in Nonsmoking Hospitality Workers

Tulunay, Ozlem E.; Hecht, Stephen S.; Carmella, Steven G.; Zhang, Yan; Lemmonds, Charlotte A.; Murphy, Sharon E.; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0570

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To convert nmol cotinine to ng, multiply by 176; for nicotine, multiply by 162. The mean level of total NNAL in the urine of these infants, 0.083 F 0.200 pmol/mL, was higher than in most other field studies involving NNK uptake from ETS (8,9,12,14). Figure 2 summarizes data from previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Previous studies have determined levels of total NNAL in the urine of newborns, children, and adults exposed to ETS (7)(8)(9)(12)(13)(14). However, there are no data in the literature on levels of total NNAL in the urine of infants (children of age V12 months) nor could we identify studies of any other carcinogen biomarker in infants exposed to ETS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…One of the most useful carcinogen biomarkers for ETS studies is total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (total NNAL, the sum of NNAL and its glucuronides) in urine (7)(8)(9). NNAL and its glucuronides are metabolites of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol and its Glucuronides in the Urine of Infants Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Hecht

Carmella

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Biomarkers of carcinogen uptake could provide important information pertinent to the question of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in childhood and cancer development later in life. Previous studies have focused on exposures before birth and during childhood, but carcinogen uptake from ETS in infants has not been reported. Exposures in infants could be higher than in children or adults because of their proximity to parents who smoke. Therefore, we quantified 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL) in the urine of 144 infants, ages 3 to 12 months, who lived in homes with parents who smoked. Total NNAL is an accepted biomarker of uptake of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Cotinine and its glucuronide (total cotinine) and nicotine and its glucuronide (total nicotine) were also quantified. Total NNAL was detectable in 67 of 144 infants (46.5%). Mean levels of total NNAL in the 144 infants were 0.083 F 0.200 pmol/mL, whereas those of total cotinine and total nicotine were 0.133 F 0.190 and 0.069 F 0.102 nmol/mL, respectively. The number of cigarettes smoked per week in the home or car by any family member when the infant was present was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) when NNAL was detected than when it was not (76.0 F 88.1 versus 27.1 F 38.2). The mean level of NNAL detected in the urine of these infants was higher than in most other field studies of ETS exposure. The results of this study show substantial uptake of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in infants exposed to ETS and support the concept that persistent ETS exposure in childhood could be related to cancer later in life. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):988 -92)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol and its Glucuronides in the Urine of Infants Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Hecht

Carmella

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Several previous studies have reported a statistically significant association between urinary NNAL and urinary cotinine (14,25,26) using data from 20 to 80 persons. Serum cotinine is often an indicator of exposure to SHS and, by inference, to the many toxicants associated with it.…”

Section: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(11) November 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine Concentrations of a Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Carcinogen in the U.S. Population from Secondhand Smoke Exposure

Bernert

Pirkle

Yang

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its reduction product in the body, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), are potent pulmonary carcinogens. We have measured total NNAL in the U.S. population of tobacco users and nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke.Methods: We measured total urinary NNAL (free NNAL plus its glucuronides following hydrolysis) by using a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. We calculated the percentage above the limit of detection, the 50th through 95th percentiles, and in some cases, geometric means for groups classified by age, gender, and race/ethnicity.Results: Total urinary NNAL was measureable at or above its limit of detection (0.6 pg/mL) in 55% of the study participants, including 41% of nonsmokers. The population distribution of urinary NNAL included smoker and nonsmoker regions similar to the bimodal distribution of serum cotinine, and serum cotinine and total urinary NNAL were strongly correlated (r = 0.92; P < 0.001). Among nonsmokers, children had significantly higher concentrations of NNAL than did adults with the age of ≥20 years (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Among National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants, total NNAL was found at measurable levels in the urine of 41% of nonsmokers and in 87.5% of those with substantial secondhand-smoke exposure (with serum cotinine concentrations of 0.1-10 ng/mL). Children with the age of 6 to 11 years had the highest NNAL concentrations among all nonsmokers.Impact: We describe for the first time the distribution of total urinary NNAL in the entire U.S. population, including smokers and nonsmokers. NNAL was detected in 41% of all nonsmokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers

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“…9,10 Passive exposure to cigarette smoke resulted in positive urine tests for carcinogens specific to tobacco and is associated with a higher cumulative risk of lung cancer. 11,12 The clear association between lung cancer and smoking indicates that trends in lung cancer epidemiology closely follow changes in tobacco consumption, with a lag time of 25-30 years. 13 Future trends in lung cancer will therefore be shaped by the increase in female smokers in the past few years and the higher prevalence of tobacco use in lower socioeconomic groups.…”

Section: Link To Cigarette Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer

Sethi²

2011

J R Coll Physicians Edinb

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Lung cancer remains the most common fatal malignancy in the Western world. Survival rates have only improved modestly over the past three decades and new approaches are urgently required. It is clear that a concerted effort to reduce cigarette smoking is required. However, about 10% of patients with lung cancer are never smokers, indicating genetic or other predisposition. Lung cancer screening programmes are being trialled to target high-risk populations. Genetic strategies will provide new methods for screening and predicting response to treatment. Current therapy for lung cancer has reached a plateau and novel agents have shown modest clinical efficacy. Understanding the mechanisms by which chronic inflammatory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contribute to lung cancer development will help to identify new biological targets and biomarkers of early disease. This review focuses on recent advances in lung cancer prevention and treatment.

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Urinary Metabolites of a Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen in Nonsmoking Hospitality Workers

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol and its Glucuronides in the Urine of Infants Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol and its Glucuronides in the Urine of Infants Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Urine Concentrations of a Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Carcinogen in the U.S. Population from Secondhand Smoke Exposure

Advances in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer

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