Urinary metabolite concentrations of phthalate metabolites in Central Italy healthy volunteers determined by a validated HPLC/MS/MS analytical method

Feasibility of ultra-high performance liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for accurate determination of primary and secondary phthalate metabolites in urine samples

“…After the study carried out by David in 2000 [16], who estimated daily intake levels of phthalates based on primary urinary MPAE concentrations in the US population, it was followed by similar studies, published between 2003 and 2014, in which the daily intake of PAEs based on the urinary metabolite concentrations in various populations was estimated (e.g., US, China, Italy, Germany, Denmark, Taiwan) [12,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. At the same time, the reporting of levels of MPAEs in the urine of populations from different countries has been rapidly increasing during the last few years [25][26][27][28].…”

Phthalate Metabolites in Amniotic Fluid and Maternal Urine Samples

“…Therefore the "blank samples" are the zero points of the calibration curve, and the presence of results below the LOD proves the absence of contamination of the laboratory procedure. Limits of Detection and Limits of Quantitation, reported in Table 1, indicate that the signal to noise ratio is higher in amniotic fluid, a less complex matrix than urine, as these values are lower than those reported for the urine in the literature [18].…”

“…These results can be compared with those obtained in a study that examined of 157 healthy volunteers, including 83 women, reported in Table 3 [18].…”

“…The analytical method used to determine the metabolites after enzymatic hydrolysis was validated and described elsewhere [18]. Briefly, each sample was incubated with β-glucuronidase from E. coli k-12 enzyme at 37˚C, then acidified and 13 C labelled internal standards dissolved in methanol were added ( 13 C-4 Mono-benzylphthalate for analysis of MBzP, MEHHP, MEHP, MnBP, and 13 C-4 Mono-ethylphthalate for analysis of MEP).…”

Evaluation of Population and Individual Variances of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in terms of Epidemiological Studies

“…For urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in the literature volume-based and creatinine normalized concentrations are given [2,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. A correlation analysis of samples from our cohort and longitudinal study revealed that without normalizing against creatinine, there is a strong correlation between creatinine concentration and all phthalate metabolite values.…”