Urinary levels of metal elements in the non-smoking general population in Italy: SIVR study 2012-2015

Aprea, Maria Cristina; Apostoli, Pietro; Bettinelli, M.; Lovreglio, Piero; Negri, Sara; Perbellini, Luigi; Perico, Angelo; Ricossa, Maria Cristina; Salamon, Fabiola; Scapellato, Maria Luisa; Iavicoli, Ivo

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.004

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several studies published in the scientific literature report reference levels of Tl in the urine of the general population not occupationally exposed [ 9 , 10 , 19 , 20 , 23 – 27 ]. Similarly the Italian Society of Reference Values (SIVR) [ 1 ] reports urinary Tl values in the general population in Italy not substantially different from those reported in international literature. There are a lot fewer studies on the presence of TI in other biological matrices [ 28 – 32 ], including blood, serum and hair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For this reason it is applied both in professional field (exposed workers) and in living environments (general population) to assess the impact of environmental pollution. For metals, poorly metabolized, the dosage in biological matrices (mainly in urine) is widely applied [ 1 , 2 ]. Exposure to thallium (TI) for the general population can occur via air, water and food; however, the levels of Tl in the air and in water are generally very low [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human biomonitoring to assess exposure to thallium following the contamination of drinking water

Aprea¹,

Nuvolone²,

Petri³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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In 2014, in some parts of the water distribution system of the municipality of Pietrasanta (Tuscany, Italy), thallium (Tl) levels above the recommended limits were measured and some restrictions to water usage for drinking and food preparation were imposed. The study aimed to assess Tl exposure and possible health effects by means of a human biomonitoring survey. In the 2014–2016 time frame, 2154 urine and 254 hair samples were taken from different population groups and from a control group. The levels of Tl found in urine and hair were statistically higher in exposed groups than in controls and compared to the reference values for the general population. Concentrations in urine were significantly associated with the geographical origin of the sample, the consumption of drinking water and food grown in local gardens. A significant association was found between urine and hair. No positive associations were found between the Tl levels in hair or urine and several self-reported symptoms and health effects, except for sleep disturbance. The study indicates that the concentration of Tl in drinking water can be traced by urine analysis. Urine and hair have proven to be biological matrices that can be effectively used for the evaluation of Tl exposure. To date, the study represents the most extensive human biomonitoring campaign for the evaluation of the Tl exposure available at international level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human biomonitoring to assess exposure to thallium following the contamination of drinking water

Aprea¹,

Nuvolone²,

Petri³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Cai et al [19], in an urban population living in China, revealed that blood Pb level was positively associated with Hc level. Moreover, the results underlined that Hc level was higher in the group with the highest Pb level.…”

Section: Lead (Pb)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Exposure to heavy metals is linked to high incidence rates of cardiovascular diseases as well [86]. Epidemiological studies showed that exposure to Cd increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and a low level of Cd exposure is one of the decisive factors in cardiovascular mortality [19]. Cd and Pb can be considered the main heavy metal pollutants affecting human health [87,88].…”

Section: Cadmium (Cd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Toxic Heavy Metals Can Influence Homocysteine Metabolism?

et al. 2019

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Background: Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid whose metabolism is activated in two pathways: remethylation to methionine, which requires folate and vitamin B 12 , and transsulfuration to cystathionine, which needs pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. High homocysteine level increases the risk of developing heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular diseases, and cognitive impairment. Some evidence showed that exposure to these metals increased plasma homocysteine levels. Methods: A systematic review was carried out to clarify the relationship between homocysteine blood levels and exposure to toxic heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, and Chromium). Results: The results of this systematic review indicate that exposure to Pb, Cr, Cd, and Hg is connected with nonphysiological homocysteine levels or vitamin B 12 and folate serum concentrations. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the importance of involvement in exposure to heavy metals in homocysteine metabolism. This supports the role of blood metals as potential upstream modifiable risk factors to prevent the development of other established risk factors as hyperhomocysteinemia.

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Coordination chemistry applied to anti‐doping analysis: Cobalt quantification as its diethyldithiocarbamate complex by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry

dos Santos,

Carneiro,

Braz

et al. 2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Cobalt was included on the World Anti‐Doping Agency Prohibited List in 2015 due to its effect on stimulus of erythropoiesis via stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factor. Although it has proven benefits for performance enhancement, the unavailability of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry on routine of the accredited laboratories is a factor that reduces its applicability in anti‐doping analysis. Therefore, an analytical method for quantification of urinary cobalt as its diethyldithiocarbamate complex by liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Palladium was proposed as internal standard and rhodium as a complexation control. A microwave‐assisted acid digestion of the urine samples was essential, not only to eliminate the matrix effect but mainly to avoid the non‐specific bond of cobalt to endogenous molecules. A linear method was obtained over the studied range from a negative urine control to a spiked concentration of 25 ng/mL, with an estimated limit of quantification of 2.5 ng/mL, and an adequate combined standard uncertainty of 11.4%. Considering that all reagents are commercially available, the proposed strategy is feasible to be included on routine sample preparation. Monitoring urinary cobalt concentrations globally opens the perspective to support the anti‐doping system to define a suitable threshold value and to understand its potential misuse by athletes seeking for performance improvement.

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Urinary levels of metal elements in the non-smoking general population in Italy: SIVR study 2012-2015

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Human biomonitoring to assess exposure to thallium following the contamination of drinking water

Human biomonitoring to assess exposure to thallium following the contamination of drinking water

Exposure to Toxic Heavy Metals Can Influence Homocysteine Metabolism?

Coordination chemistry applied to anti‐doping analysis: Cobalt quantification as its diethyldithiocarbamate complex by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry

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