Urinary Kidney Stone Inhibitors. What Is the New?

Dussol, B.; Berland, Yvon

doi:10.1159/000030214

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To a lesser extent, mammals will also produce oxalate endogenously in the liver, as a terminal metabolite derived from several dietary precursors such as glyoxalate, glycine, and hydroxyproline, among others [2, 7]. If the concentration of calcium oxalate in the urine exceeds the metastable limit, crystallization of the mineral can occur and eventually calcium oxalate deposits can aggregate into kidney stones [8–13]. About 80% of all kidney stones in humans are composed of calcium oxalate, and in severe cases, end-stage renal disease can develop [4, 6, 13–15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Transplant Results in Increased and Long-Term Oxalate Degradation

et al. 2016

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Gut microbes are essential for the degradation of dietary oxalate, and this function may play a role in decreasing the incidence of kidney stones. However, many oxalate-degrading bacteria are susceptible to antibiotics and the use of oxalate-degrading probiotics has only led to an ephemeral reduction in urinary oxalate. The objective of the current study was to determine the efficacy of using whole-community microbial transplants from a wild mammalian herbivore, Neotoma albigula, to increase oxalate degradation over the long term in the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus. We quantified the change in total oxalate degradation in lab rats immediately after microbial transplants and at 2- and 9-month intervals following microbial transplants. Additionally, we tracked the fecal microbiota of the lab rats, with and without microbial transplants, using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of a hyper-variable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Microbial transplants resulted in a significant increase in oxalate degradation, an effect that persisted 9 months after the initial transplants. Functional persistence was corroborated by the transfer, and persistence of a group of bacteria previously correlated with oxalate consumption in N. albigula, including an anaerobic bacterium from the genus Oxalobacter known for its ability to use oxalate as a sole carbon source. The results of this study indicate that whole-community microbial transplants are an effective means for the persistent colonization of oxalate-degrading bacteria in the mammalian gut.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Transplant Results in Increased and Long-Term Oxalate Degradation

et al. 2016

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“…The first is the state of supersaturation in which there is an overabundance of stoneforming ions, exceeding the metastable limit [1,2,4]. If unopposed, supersaturation can lead to crystallization, triggering a series of pathophysiologic events that include nucleation, crystal aggregation, growth, and attachment to epithelia [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second critical factor is the presence of urinary macromolecules that can exert inhibitory effects on various phases of renal crystal formation [7,8]. It has been suggested that the level and functional status of specific urinary macromolecules is an important contributing factor in individual susceptibility to renal stones [4,7]. Two notable candidates for inhibition of crystal formation are osteopontin (OPN) and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), also known as uromodulin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamm-Horsfall protein is a critical renal defense factor protecting against calcium oxalate crystal formation

Mo¹,

Huang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2004

Kidney International

220

141

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“…Calculi contains some proteins normally present in urine, in addition to others arising from injury inflicted by the stones themselves, making it impossible to discriminate between those that bind to the stone as it grows, but play no role in its development (7); the inhibition is generally understood to arise mainly from the non-dialyzable molecules of urine, particularly acid glycoproteins, and acidic glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans (8,9). Some inhibitor molecules have been identified, including Tamm-Horsefall Protein, uropontin (10,11), calgranulin (12), bikunin (13), and prothrombin F1 fragment (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D map of proteins from human renal stone matrix and evaluation of their effect on oxalate induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury

et al. 2013

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Purpose: Proteins constitute a major portion of the organic matrix of human calcium oxalate (CaOx) renal stones and the matrix is considered to be important in stone formation and growth. The present study evaluates the effect of these proteins on oxalate injured renal epithelial cells accompanied by a 2D map of these proteins. Materials and Methods: Proteins were isolated from the matrix of kidney stones containing CaOx as the major constituent using EGTA as a demineralizing agent. The effect of more than 3kDa proteins from matrix of human renal (calcium oxalate) CaOx stones was investigated on oxalate induced cell injury of MDCK renal tubular epithelial cells. A 2D map of >3kDa proteins was also generated followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF MS. Results: The >3kDa proteins enhanced the injury caused by oxalate on MDCK cells. Also, the 2D map of proteins having MW more than 3kDa suggested the abundance of proteins in the matrix of renal stone. Conclusion: Studies indicate that the mixture of >3kDa proteins in the matrix of human renal stones acts as promoter of calcium oxalate crystal nucleation and growth as it augments the renal epithelial cell injury induced by oxalate. The effect of promoters masks the inhibitors in the protein mixture thereby leading to enhanced renal cell injury. 2D map throws light on the nature of proteins present in the kidney stones.

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Urinary Kidney Stone Inhibitors. What Is the New?

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Microbial Community Transplant Results in Increased and Long-Term Oxalate Degradation

Microbial Community Transplant Results in Increased and Long-Term Oxalate Degradation

Tamm-Horsfall protein is a critical renal defense factor protecting against calcium oxalate crystal formation

2D map of proteins from human renal stone matrix and evaluation of their effect on oxalate induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury

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