Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, type, and risk factors

Daly, Déirdre; Clarke, Mike; Begley, Cecily

doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3554-1

Cited by 61 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For others, they helped them realize they had a health problem, and prompted them to take better care of themselves or seek professional help, even up to 12 months postpartum. Contrary to previously held beliefs that women's bodies return to their pre‐pregnant state within 6 weeks postpartum, findings from this and other studies show that some health problems are present before women's first pregnancy, that considerable proportions of women experience persistent and long‐term morbidities and that some women's health can deteriorate during the year after giving birth. A systematic review of morbidities experienced by women who had a postpartum haemorrhage found that women who suffered problems such as coagulopathy [a disorder affecting the blood's ability to clot] (1.74 %), post‐traumatic stress disorder (3%), or required readmission to hospital 1‐3 months postpartum (3.6 %) described their health as “much worse than 1 year ago” (6%) .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Stop, think, reflect, realize—first‐time mothers’ views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research

Daly

Carroll

Barros

et al. 2019

Health Expectations

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Background Longitudinal cohort studies gather large amounts of data over time, often without direct benefit to participants. A positive experience may encourage retention in the study, and participants may benefit in unanticipated ways. Objective To explore first‐time mothers’ experiences of taking part in a longitudinal cohort study and completing self‐administered surveys during pregnancy and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months’ postpartum. Design Content analysis of comments written by participants in the Maternal health And Maternal Morbidity in Ireland study's five self‐completion surveys, a multisite cohort study exploring women's health and health problems during and after pregnancy. This paper focuses on what women wrote about taking part in the research. Ethical approval was granted by the site hospitals and university. Setting and participants A total of 2174 women were recruited from two maternity hospitals in Ireland between 2012 and 2015. Findings A total of 1000 comments were made in the five surveys. Antenatally, barriers related to surveys being long and questions being intimate. Postpartum, barriers related to being busy with life as first‐time mothers. Benefits gained included gaining access to information, taking time to reflect, stopping to think and being prompted to seek help. Survey questions alone were described as valuable sources of information. Discussion and conclusions Findings suggest that survey research can “give back” to women by being a source of information and a trigger to seek professional help, even while asking sensitive questions. Understanding this can help researchers construct surveys to maximize benefits, real and potential, for participants.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This paper presents data from 2174 women recruited from two maternity hospital sites, one large (>8500 births per annum) and one medium (>3000 births per annum) in Ireland. The study methods, described previously, are outlined below.…”

Section: The Mammi Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stop, think, reflect, realize—first‐time mothers’ views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research

Daly

Carroll

Barros

et al. 2019

Health Expectations

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“…The most important risk factor for UI 1 year after vaginal birth has been shown to be UI symptoms before and during pregnancy [15,19]. In a study by Daly et al, the prevalence of any kind of UI was 38.4% pre-pregnancy and 38.8% during pregnancy; UI prevalence was statistically significantly associated with being obese (BMI >30) [20]. In a study by Gartland et al, 1 in 4 women reported persistent UI during the first 4-18 months postpartum, and 79% of these had had UI during pregnancy [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary incontinence after uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal birth in primiparous women during the first year after birth

et al. 2019

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Introduction and hypothesis Urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with pregnancy and parity and can cause health problems for women. Our objective was to explore risk factors for UI and its effect on women's daily activities, psychological health and wellbeing 9-12 months postpartum in a low-risk primiparous population. Methods In this prospective cohort study, first-time mothers in a low-risk population with a spontaneous vaginal birth reported the occurrence of UI and its effect on daily activities and on their psychological health and wellbeing in a questionnaire completed 1 year after birth. Descriptive and comparative statistics were employed for the analysis. Results A total of 410 women (75.7%) completed the questionnaire. The self-reported rates of stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence were 45.4%, 38.0% and 27.0% respectively. Neither the duration of the second stage of labour, the baby's head circumference or its birth weight were associated with the incidence of UI. There was an association between reported negative impact on daily activities and more negative psychological wellbeing (p < 0.001). Conclusions Urinary incontinence was common among primiparous women at 9-12 months postpartum. Women whose symptoms had a negative impact on their daily activities reported more psychological suffering. KeywordsUrinary incontinence . Postpartum . Primiparous . Vaginal . Birth Abbreviations UI Urinary incontinence SUI Stress urinary incontinence UUI Urge urinary incontinence MUI Mixed urinary incontinence

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“…The reported incidence does not include many other health problems that are common during pregnancy and postpartum, such as depression, incontinence, sexual health issues, and pelvic girdle pain. [2][3][4][5][6] These types of health problems are frequently underreported and undertreated, due to their sensitive nature, or a belief that they are normal, selflimiting symptoms of pregnancy and birth. [7][8][9] There is a growing body of research describing their prevalence, which indicates that almost all women (94%) experience at least one major health problem in the first year after having a baby, with up to one in five (20%) reporting depressive symptoms and almost half (47%) reporting urinary incontinence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic burden of maternal morbidity – A systematic review of cost-of-illness studies

et al. 2020

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To estimate the economic burden of common health problems associated with pregnancy and childbirth, such as incontinence, mental health problems, or gestational diabetes, excluding acute complications of labour or birth, or severe acute adverse maternal outcomes. Methods Searches for relevant studies were carried out to November 2019 in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EconLit databases. After initial screening, all results were reviewed for inclusion by two authors. An adapted version of a previously developed checklist for cost-of-illness studies was used for quality appraisal. All costs were converted to 2018 Euro using national consumer price indices and purchasing power parity conversion factors. Results Thirty-eight relevant studies were identified, some of which reported incremental costs for more than one health problem (16 gestational diabetes, 13 overweight/obesity, 8 mental health, 4 hypertensive disorders, 2 nausea and vomiting, 2 epilepsy, 1 intimate partner violence). A high level of heterogeneity was observed in both the methods used, and the incremental cost estimates obtained for each morbidity. Average incremental costs tended to be higher in studies that modelled a hypothetical cohort of women using data from a range of sources (compared to analyses of primary data), and in studies set in the United States. No studies that examined the economic burden of some common pregnancy-related morbidities, such as incontinence, pelvic girdle pain, or sexual health problems, were identified. Conclusion Our findings indicate that maternal morbidity is associated with significant costs to health systems and society, but large gaps remain in the evidence base for the economic burden of

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Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, type, and risk factors

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

Stop, think, reflect, realize—first‐time mothers’ views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research

Stop, think, reflect, realize—first‐time mothers’ views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research

Urinary incontinence after uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal birth in primiparous women during the first year after birth

Economic burden of maternal morbidity – A systematic review of cost-of-illness studies

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