Urinary Incontinence and the Psychopathology of the Elderly with Cognitive Failure

Berrios, G. E.

doi:10.1159/000212775

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similar findings were also reported for several Western countries by Ekelund and Rundgren [4], Campbell et al [8], Berrios [18] and Goldfarb [16], and for Japan by Koyano [9]. However, none of these studies controlled other risk factors related to mortality to test this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Mortality in relation to urinary and faecal incontinence in elderly people living at home

Nakanishi¹

1999

Age and Ageing

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Objective: to examine the relationship between incontinence and mortality in elderly people living at home. Design: of the randomly selected people aged 65 years and older living in Settsu city, Osaka in October 1992, 1405 were contacted and constituted the study cohort. Follow-up for 42 months was completed for 1318 (93.8%; 1129 alive, 189 dead). Measures: data on general health status, history of health management, psychosocial conditions and urinary and faecal incontinence were collected by interview during home visits at the time of enrolment. Results: from the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the estimated survival rates decreased with a decline in continence in both the 65-74 and 75 years and older age groups. From the Cox proportional hazards model, unadjusted hazard ratios of minor, moderate and severe incontinence for mortality, compared with continence, were 2.27, 2.96 and 5.94, respectively. Multivariate analysis yielded adjusted hazard ratios of minor, moderate and severe incontinence of 0.99, 1.17 and 1.91, respectively, leaving severe incontinence as the significant factor, when other indicators are controlled. Conclusions: incontinence is related to mortality and severe incontinence represents an increased risk factor for mortality in elderly people living at home.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Several studies have showed a significant relationship between incontinence and mortality by the univariate life-table analyses [8,9,[16][17][18]. From multivariate analyses controlling for age, education and health status, Herzog et al [19] reported that neither incontinence status nor its severity were associated with 6-year mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in relation to urinary and faecal incontinence in elderly people living at home

Nakanishi¹

1999

Age and Ageing

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“…According to a life‐table analysis conducted by Donaldson and Jagger, 4 the mortality rate for frequently incontinent older adults appears to be higher than that for continent older people. Similar findings were reported for the United States by Goldfarb, 5 and more recently for several Western countries by Berrios, 6 Ekelund and Rundgren, 7 Lewis et al, 8 and Campbell et al 9 However, Campbell et al noted that the relationship of incontinence to death is “probably a marker of conditions such as dementia, poor mobility, and poor physical health rather than a risk factor in its own right” (pp 69–70). Unfortunately, except for the Lewis et al study, 8 none of these studies controlled other health factors to test this hypothesis.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

Urinary Incontinence as a Risk Factor for Mortality

Herzog¹,

Diokno²,

Brown³

et al. 1994

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…A significant difference was found: 53% of those with dementia were incontinent versus 13% of nondemented individuals. Berrios 9 reported that incontinence was significantly more prevalent in Alzheimer's disease compared with vascular dementia.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Incontinence Associated with Dementia

Skelly¹,

Flint²

1995

J American Geriatrics Society

123

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Urinary incontinence is common in patients with dementia and is more prevalent in demented than in nondemented older individuals. It occurs with equal or greater frequency in males than in females, and this contrasts with the female preponderance in community-based, general older populations. Since the etiology of incontinence in dementia is multifactorial, a comprehensive assessment of factors within and outside the lower urinary tract is essential. A careful clinical evaluation is sufficient to guide treatment in most cases. Further research is needed to determine the role of simple cystometry and more complex urodynamic investigation in these patients. Research on the management of urinary incontinence in demented patients has focused almost exclusively on toileting programs and drug treatments for detrusor hyperactivity. To date, anticholinergic and antispasmodic medications have not been shown to be effective in treating incontinence in demented persons. However, the few studies undertaken have been in the most severely mentally and physically deteriorated patients, and it is possible that these medications have greater efficacy in less impaired individuals. Prompted voiding regimens have been shown to reduce incontinence by an average of 32% and appear to be a useful approach in managing incontinence in some of these patients. However, unless staff management systems are employed, staff compliance with these programs diminishes with time and the labor costs involved may limit their applicability in nursing homes. Patients who are the most severely cognitively impaired, least mobile, and have the greatest frequency of incontinence derive the least benefit from toileting programs, and palliative measures may be more appropriate in these cases.

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Urinary Incontinence and the Psychopathology of the Elderly with Cognitive Failure

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Mortality in relation to urinary and faecal incontinence in elderly people living at home

Mortality in relation to urinary and faecal incontinence in elderly people living at home

Urinary Incontinence as a Risk Factor for Mortality

Urinary Incontinence Associated with Dementia

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