Urinary incontinence among Taiwanese women: an outpatient study of prevalence, comorbidity, risk factors, and quality of life

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate comorbidity and risk factors associated with female urinary incontinence and to assess quality of life for women with different types of urinary incontinence. Subjects included 551 consecutive females who attended the outpatient clinic from 9 March to 8 July 2006 and did not have a chief complaint of incontinence. A four-item incontinence questionnaire and a Chinese version of the Incontinence-Quality of Life (I-QOL) questionnaire were completed in the waiting room. Patient characteristics and medical conditions were summarized from outpatient electronic databases. A total of 371 females were included for statistical analysis. Among them, 114 patients (30.7%) did not indicate any urinary incontinence, while 257 (69.3%) patients indicated symptoms of urge incontinence, stress incontinence, or mixed incontinence. Comorbidities significantly associated with incontinence included osteoarthritis (P = 0.001), peptic ulcer disease (P = 0.031), obesity (P < 0.001), and cardiac disease (P < 0.001). After multiple logistic regression analysis, obesity (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.94-6.98) and postmenstrual status (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.35-3.50) were found to be risk factors of incontinence (P < 0.001). Mixed incontinence patients exhibited the least satisfaction in quality of life, while no significant differences were observed between patients with urge incontinence and stress incontinence. In conclusion, the incidence of urinary incontinence may be greater in the outpatient population than previously thought. Osteoarthritis, peptic ulcer disease, and cardiac disease are more common in women with urinary incontinence, obesity and postmenopausal status appear predictive of incontinence, and women with mixed incontinence exhibit the least satisfying quality of life.

The influence of menopause on urinary incontinence in the women of the community: a cross-sectional study from North India

“…Sample Size estimated after doing a thorough Review of Literature where it was found that the prevalence ranges from 0-60%. [6][7][8][9][10][20][21][22][23][24] Taking a mean prevalence as 30%, relative error of 20% of p. Using Formula: N = z²pq/L², we got the sample size as 233. Taking design effect of 2 and applying non-response rate of 5 %, we finally took a sample size of 530 postmenopausal women.…”

“…20 Although interest is growing in the investigation, treatment, and management of incontinence, its prevalence in the general population has so far been based on estimates made in selected groups of people of different ages. 21 Therefore, the following study was carried out with the two objectives; one is to find out the effect of menopause on the occurrence of Urinary Incontinence in women and second is to find out risk factors in post-menopausal women associated with Urinary Incontinence.…”

“…These questions have been proven to have high specificity and sensitivity for stress and urge incontinence. 21 Severity of UI was assessed by Urinary incontinence severity indicator given by Sandvik et al 22 Data was analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM, Chicago, USA). Descriptive statistics as well as simple proportion were calculated for the data.…”

Surgical Correction of Female Urinary Incontinence: Comparison of Colporrhaphy, Sling and Suspension Procedures

“…7 -10 The increase in incontinence with advancing age is thought to be due to impairment of the urethral muscle structure, characterized by reduction in the number of striated muscle fibres in the anterior wall of the urethra. 19 Urinary stress incontinence was reported to be 6.24-fold more common among women aged ≥ 65 years than those aged 15 -24 years, 20 …”

Assessment of Temperament in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence: An Observational Study

“…Increased BMI is associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure, thereby straining pelvic floor structures and increasing bladder pressure and urethral mobility. The physiopathology of UI is related to compromise of the levator (24).…”