Urinary Excretion of Phenol by Men Exposed to Vapour of Benzene: A Screening Test

Rainsford, Suzanne; Davies, T. A. Lloyd

doi:10.1136/oem.22.1.21

Cited by 88 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The ALA-U values were described as observed (ALA-U ob ) and also as corrected for a specific gravity of 1.016 (ALA-U sg ) after Rainsford and Lloyd Davies 17) . No measurement was made for urinary creatinine concentration.…”

Section: Methods Of Determination Of Lead In Blood and δ-Aminolevulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Colorimetric and HPLC Methods for Determination of .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid in Urine with Reference to Dose-Response Relationship in Occupational Exposure to Lead

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Both traditional colorimetry and recently developed HPLC-fluorometry have been in use for determination of δ δ δ δ δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALA-U), an effect marker of occupational exposure to lead (Pb). The present study was initiated to compare the values by the two methods on an epidemiology basis among workers occupationally exposed to lead (Pb), to estimate quantitatively the colorimetry-associated increment over the values by the HPLC method, to evaluate ALA-U determination in occupational health service for Pb-exposed workers, and to identify a critical Pb-B to induce an elevation in ALA-U. For this purpose, blood and urine samples were collected from three groups of Pb-exposed workers (both men and women in combination, including smokers) and analyzed for Pb in blood (Pb-B; measured in all subjects) and ALA-U (by colorimetry or HPLC), i.e., Group 1 (164 subjects with urinalysis by the two methods), Group 2 (2,923 subjects by colorimetry), and Group 3 (2,540 subjects by HPLC). ALA-U when measured by colorimetry was higher than the values by HPLC, and that the mean difference on a group basis was 1.4 mg/l (in a range of 1.1 to 1.8 mg/l), irrespective of Pb-B levels. It was also found that the increase in ALA-U was small when Pb-B was relatively low (e.g., ≤40 µg/100 ml), and that the increase on a group basis in response to an increase in Pb-B from 5 to 40 µg/100 ml was as small as ≤0.6 mg/l. Thus, ALA-U appeared to be not a sensitive marker of Pb effects at low Pb-B levels. ALA-U however increased substantially with a point of inflection at the Pb-B level of about 17-34 µg/100 ml. Thus it was concluded that ALA-U as measured by colorimetry is greater than ALA-U by HPLC by 1.4 mg/l on average irrespective of intensity of Pb-exposure, which may induce bias in evaluation of health effect, and that ALA-U levels will increase when Pb-B is in excess of 17-34 µg/100 ml.

show abstract

Section: Methods Of Determination Of Lead In Blood and δ-Aminolevulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Colorimetric and HPLC Methods for Determination of .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid in Urine with Reference to Dose-Response Relationship in Occupational Exposure to Lead

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concentration of an analyte in urine (i.e., Pb-U and Cd-U ) was presented as observed (as, e.g., Pb-U ob ), or after correction for CR 23) (as, e.g., Pb-U cr ) or a SG 24) (as, e.g., Pb-U sg ) of 1.016 25) . The specific gravity was in some instance expressed as Factor G 24,26,27) , which was defined as Factor G=(specific gravity-1.000) × 1,000.…”

Section: Urinalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Levels in Urine of Never-Smoking Adult Women in Non-Polluted Areas in Japan, with References to Cadmium Levels in Urine

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study was initiated to assess current level of general population exposure to lead (Pb) in terms of Pb in urine (Pb-U). For this purpose, spot urine samples were collected from 2,332 never-smoking adult women in 10 areas all-over Japan, and were subjected to analysis for Pb-U by graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA). Data on cadmium in urine (Cd-U) as measured by GFAA were cited from a previous publication 1) . The grand geometric means (GM) for Pb-U as observed, as corrected for creatinine (cr) and as corrected for a specific gravity of 1.016 were 1.06 µg/l, 1.28 µg/g cr and 1.14 µg/l, respectively, with small intra-and inter-variations with geometric standard deviations of about 2 or less. Arithmetic means of the 10 GMs (one each for the 10 areas) were 1.05 µg/l, 1.19 µg/g cr and 1.18 µg/l, respectively. The levels observed appeared to be lower than levels reported for other populations in the world. Chronological comparison within Japan suggested a gradual decrease in Pb-U in past over 20 yr. No close correlation was detected between Pb-U and Cd-U.

show abstract

“…Care was taken for complete removal of foams in the flow system. Each determination was completed in In some instances, the PMA concentration in urine was adjusted for creatinine concentration (to be abbreviated as cr 28) ) or a specific gravity of urine of 1.016 (sg 29) ). Creatinine concentration and specific gravity were measured by colorimetry and refractometry, respectively.…”

Section: Analysis Of Urine For Phenylmercapturic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Phenylmercapturic Acid as a Marker of Occupational Exposure to Benzene.

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A hand-saving HPLC method to measure urinary phenylmercapturic acid (PMA) was developed which allows about 35 PMA determinations per day. The method involves conversion of pre-PMA to PMA by the addition of sulfuric acid to a urine sample, extraction into an ether-methanol mixture followed by condensation under a nitrogen stream. The condensate was introduced to a ODS-3 column in a HPLC system, and PMA in the column was eluted into a mobile phase of acetonitrile: methanol: perchloric acid: water. The elution of PMA was monitored at 205 nm. One determination will be completed in 40 min. The method was applied to analysis of end-of-shift urine samples from 152 workers exposed up to 210 ppm benzene, 66 workers exposed to a mixture of benzene (up to 116 ppm) and toluene+xylenes (up to 118 ppm), and 131 non-exposed controls of both sexes. A linear regression was established between time-weighted average intensity of exposure to benzene and urinary PMA. From the regression, it was calculated that urinary PMA level will be about 6.4 mg/l after 8-hour exposure to benzene at 100 ppm, and that PMA in urine accounted for about 0.1% of benzene absorbed. No effects of sex, age, and smoking habit of individuals were detected, and the effect of co-exposure to toluene + xylenes at the levels comparable to that of benzene was essentially nil, which indicates an advantage of PMA as a benzene exposure marker over monoto tri-phenolic metabolites or t,t-muconic acid.

show abstract

Urinary Excretion of Phenol by Men Exposed to Vapour of Benzene: A Screening Test

Cited by 88 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of Colorimetric and HPLC Methods for Determination of .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid in Urine with Reference to Dose-Response Relationship in Occupational Exposure to Lead

Comparison of Colorimetric and HPLC Methods for Determination of .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid in Urine with Reference to Dose-Response Relationship in Occupational Exposure to Lead

Lead Levels in Urine of Never-Smoking Adult Women in Non-Polluted Areas in Japan, with References to Cadmium Levels in Urine

Urinary Phenylmercapturic Acid as a Marker of Occupational Exposure to Benzene.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About