Urinary excretion of lignans after administration of isolated plant lignans to rats: the effect of single dose and ten-day exposures

Smeds, Annika; Saarinen, Niina M.; Hurmerinta, Teija T.; Penttinen, P.E.; Sjöholm, Rainer; Mäkelä, Sari

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.10.033

Cited by 38 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the present study, the urinary and faecal excretion of lignans was similar in males and females. However, while the faecal excretion was similar to, the urinary excretion of SDG-derived lignans at 24 h was about two times less than that in our previous study in female rats (22) , but was similar to that in male rats (31) . As in human subjects, the urinary excretion of lignans varies significantly between rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Prolonged administration of secoisolariciresinol diglycoside increases lignan excretion and alters lignan tissue distribution in adult male and female rats

Saarinen

Thompson

2010

Br J Nutr

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Limited information is available on lignan metabolism and tissue distribution between sexes and the effects of prolonged lignan exposure on tissue concentrations. In the present study, excretion and tissue distribution of lignans were compared after 1 d and 7 d administration of flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) in male and female rats. Sprague -Dawley rats were daily gavaged per os with 3 H-SDG (3·7 kBq/g body weight (bwt)) and unlabelled SDG (5·3 mg/g bwt). Urine, faeces, serum and tissues (liver, kidneys, bladder, spleen, lungs, brain, thymus, heart, muscle, adipose, mammary gland, ovaries, vagina, uterus, testis, seminal vesicles, coagulating glands and ventral prostate) were collected at 0, 12 and 24 h after a single lignan dose or after the last dose of 7 d exposure. The sample total lignan content was measured as radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting. In both sexes, majority of radioactivity was excreted in faeces (40-83 %) and urine (1·2 -5·2 %). 3 H-SDG administration increased radioactivity in all tissues at all time points, and the levels were further increased after prolonged SDG exposure. Liver contained majority of the tissue lignans (48-56 %) in both sexes after both exposure regimens. After prolonged SDG exposure, the serum lignan concentrations had reached a plateau which was approximately 4-fold of that of acute exposure, whereas in both sexes, concentrations in skin and kidneys still increased, indicating tissue accumulation. After prolonged exposure, females had higher lignan concentrations in heart and thymus at all time points, demonstrating sex-related differences in lignan tissue distribution and the possibility for sex-specific treatment responses. These findings facilitate identification of target tissues for local lignan actions in vivo. Lignans: Secoisolariciresinol diglycoside: Tissue distributionSecoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) is a common lignan found in foods, and especially flaxseed and flaxseed-containing foods are rich in SDG (1,2) . Ingested SDG is metabolised to enterolignans such as enterodiol and enterolactone in both rats and human subjects (3 -5) . Epidemiological evidence suggests that consumption of diet rich in lignans may decrease the risk of some chronic diseases such as cancer at multiple sites including breast (6 -8) , prostate (9) , thyroid (10) , glioma (11) and stomach (12) . In experimental animal models, ingested purified SDG has been shown to inhibit mammary, skin and colon cancers (13) . In postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, flaxseed ingestion before surgical removal of the tumour increased apoptotic index and decreased c-erB2 score of the cancer tissue (14) . Accordingly, in prostate cancer patients, flaxseed consumption decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic indices of the tumours (15,16) . These pilot studies indicate the potential of flaxseed as a neoadjuvant therapy for inhibiting cancer progression in patients. In vivo studies indicate that flaxseed lignan SDG and its metabolites me...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Prolonged administration of secoisolariciresinol diglycoside increases lignan excretion and alters lignan tissue distribution in adult male and female rats

Saarinen

Thompson

2010

Br J Nutr

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“…The health effects of lignans depend on both the amount consumed and the bioavailability. Although numerous lignans have been identified, it is not known which of them are converted to enterolignans [33,34]. For about two decades, only secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol were known to be precursors of enterolignans.…”

Section: Lignan Content In Fermented and Untreated Plant Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Fermentation on the Content of Alkylresorcinols and Lignans in Plant Products

Bartkienė¹,

Skabeikytė²,

Krunglevičiūtė³

et al. 2015

TOBIOTJ

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) with bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus sakei and Pediococcus pentosaceus) on the content of alkylresorcinols (ARs) and lignans in plant products (barley bran, pea fiber, and lupine seeds). Lignans analysis was performed by HPLC-MS/MS, and alkylresorcinols content was evaluated by GC/MS.We found that with the experimentally tested LAB, under SSF conditions more organic acids were produced and in most cases a higher count of the LAB was found in SSF samples, compared to the SmF samples.The matairesinol content was increased by using fermentation (from 7.9 to 35.4 % in pea fiber, from 33.2 to 81.5 % in lupine seeds, and from 5.9 to 74.9 % in barley bran), and in most cases a higher content of matairesinol was found in the SSF samples. The content of secoisolariciresinol in the fermented samples was found to be higher, in comparison to the untreated samples. It was found that the total lignans content in the pea fiber had a strong correlation with the amylase activity (R=0.7908; P=0.0177).Our results suggested that the total ARs content in pea fiber, lupine seeds, and barley bran was 267 μg/g; 1757 μg/g, and 1488 μg/g, respectively, and by using the LAB fermentation, the ARs content was reduced by 40 to 73 %, by 10 to 77 %, and by 24 to 74 %, respectively.We conclude that by using the LAB fermentation, the concentration of lignans in plant products could be increased, but the ARs content could be reduced, and the proper conditions should be selected for the fermentation, in order to prevent possible losses of these biologically active compounds.

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“…22 The purity of the product was 97% as determined by gas chromatography. Secoisolariciresinol (purity >95%) was isolated from knots of Araucaria angustifolia.…”

Section: Lignans Animals and Housing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Furthermore, it was identified as the main serum lignan in some women consuming their habitual (Western) diet in Finland. 18 When ingested, lariciresinol can be metabolized first to secoisolariciresinol, and then further to enterolignans, e.g., enterodiol and enterolactone 10,21,22 ( Fig. 1).…”

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Dietary lariciresinol attenuates mammary tumor growth and reduces blood vessel density in human MCF‐7 breast cancer xenografts and carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors in rats

Saarinen

Wärri

Dings

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Lariciresinol is a dietary lignan that accounts for a significant portion of the total phytoestrogen intake from Western foods. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that high dietary intake of lignans and lariciresinol is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, no causal relationship between lariciresinol intake and breast cancer development has been established. In this study, we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of action of lariciresinol on hormone responsive mammary cancer in vivo in dimethylbenz [a]anthracene induced mammary cancer in rats, and in human MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts in athymic mice. For tumor bearing rats, lariciresinol (3 or 15 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle was administered p.o. daily for 9 weeks. For E2-maintained ovariectomized athymic mice bearing orthotopic MCF-7 tumors, control diet (AIN-93G) or lariciresinol containing diet (AIN-93G supplemented with 20 or 100 mg of lariciresinol/kg of diet) was administered for 5 weeks. In both models, lariciresinol administration inhibited the tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. In MCF-7 cells, enterolactone significantly inhibited the E2-stimulated VEGF secretion. Moreover, in MCF-7 xenografts, lariciresinol administration enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and increased estrogen receptor beta expression. Lariciresinol and its further metabolites secoisolariciresinol, enterodiol and enterolactone were found in serum of both rats and athymic mice confirming a similar lignan metabolism pattern as in humans. These findings indicate conceivable importance of dietary lignan lariciresinol in inhibition of breast cancer development.

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Urinary excretion of lignans after administration of isolated plant lignans to rats: the effect of single dose and ten-day exposures

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Prolonged administration of secoisolariciresinol diglycoside increases lignan excretion and alters lignan tissue distribution in adult male and female rats

Prolonged administration of secoisolariciresinol diglycoside increases lignan excretion and alters lignan tissue distribution in adult male and female rats

The Influence of Fermentation on the Content of Alkylresorcinols and Lignans in Plant Products

Dietary lariciresinol attenuates mammary tumor growth and reduces blood vessel density in human MCF‐7 breast cancer xenografts and carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors in rats

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