Urinary excretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines during relapse and remission of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Abstract

Background/aimThe role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome had been widely postulated. Reports on the release of cytokines, during idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) activation, were conflicting in defining a specific interleukin pattern during relapse and remission of the disease. The aim of this study was to explore the role of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the pathophysiology of INS during relapse and remission.Patients and methodsA total of 37 INS patients were included. Their demographic and biochemical data were reviewed. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in the urine of patients during relapse and remission of the disease. Urine samples from 30 age- and sex-matched controls were checked for the same 3 cytokines.ResultsMean age of patients at study was 6.4 ± 3.2 years (range: 14 months–12 years). Male:female ratio was 24:13. Mean serum creatinine was 47 ± 13 μmol/L, and mean serum albumin was 21 ± 7 g/L. Mean urinary IL-1β, IL6 and IL8 levels, corrected to urinary creatinine, in patients during relapse were 132.94 ± 654.97, 217.82 ± 1124.31 and 150.227 ± 523.97 pg/μmol compared to 9.11 ± 40.75, 0.146 ± 0.652, and 6.455 ± 24.53 pg/μmol in controls, respectively (P = 0.02, 0.03 and 0.014, respectively). No significant difference was reported in the mean level of the 3 cytokines compared to controls during remission (P = 0.94, 0.092 and 0.076).ConclusionOur results support the role of T-cell activation and the subsequent release of IL-1β, IL6 and IL8 in the pathogenesis of relapses in INS. The use of steroid-sparing cytokine blockers in managing relapses of INS remains a tempting challenge.

Plasma Cytokine Profiling to Predict Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome

“… 25 , 26 Moreover, elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 have been reported in the urine samples of 37 children with idiopathic NS during relapse versus remission or healthy controls. 27 Another study of 150 children with idiopathic NS and 569 healthy controls reported significant associations of IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α polymorphisms between children with NS versus controls, and between SRNS versus SSNS, suggesting that steroid responsiveness may be determined by these polymorphisms. 28 A few other reports have identified cytokines in plasma, urine, and saliva as markers of persistence of proteinuria or SRNS in childhood NS.…”

Renal Inflammation in DOCA-Salt Hypertension

“…TNFα, RANTES) following MMF treatment 32 . Urinary excretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 are elevated in adolescents with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome that also present with impaired renal function and hypertension [33][34][35] . Interestingly, repeated measurements of urinary cytokines have previously been suggested to reflect renal-specific inflammatory signaling in the nephrotic model 34 .…”

Exploring protective effect of Glycine tabacina aqueous extract against nephrotic syndrome by network pharmacology and experimental verification

“…NOS2 and NOS3, separately encoded the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), are involved in the synthesis of the nitric oxide (NO) and considered as a significant nephroprotective factor [59]. Interleukin, the multifunctional inflammatory cytokines are closely associated with various renal diseases and the injury of kidney residential cells, such as IL-6, CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-4 [60][61][62][63][64]. TNF-α, an important regulatory factor, which can promote the production of IL-6, IL-1β, and other cytokines, participates in inflammation, oxidative stress and damage in various renal diseases [65].…”