Urinary endothelin-1 excretion according to morpho-functional damage lateralization in reflux nephropathy

Abstract

Our preliminary results confirmed the increase of urinary ET-1L excretion in RN, especially when renal functional injury was lateralized.

Urinary endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity excretion in Wilms’ tumor survivors

“…As previously reported [10], patients with VUR and RN showed significantly higher urinary excretion of ET-1 L than the control group. Moreover, uET-1 L values were higher in patients with lateralized renal injury in comparison with patients with similar renal function but bilateral damage.…”

“…Median age at diagnosis was 5 (range 0. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] years. In two cases, the tumor was bilateral; hence, eight right and 11 left kidneys were affected.…”

“…Lateralized damage was defined when the most injured kidney contributed less than one sixth of total renal function. According to this definition, the population was divided into two subgroups: patients with lateralized and patients with nonlateralized damage [10]. Finally, among patients admitted to our pediatric unit and submitted to nephrologic evaluation for history of abdominal pain or fever, 45 individuals (23 males and 22 females; median age 10 years; age range 4-21 years) with normal creatinine clearance (CrCl) and urinalysis without urinary tract infection or ultrasonographic renal parenchymal abnormalities were selected as the control group.…”

“…Increased circulating ET-1 levels are associated with vascular remodelling, renal fibrosis, and glomerular sclerosis, leading to systemic and renal hemodynamic changes and hypertension [7]. Urinary ET-1 (uET-1) excretion is considered a marker of kidney damage [8][9][10] and functional overload [11], especially in progressive and end-stage renal disease. To our knowledge no specific data exist about uET-1-like (uET-1 L) excretion in WT survivors, although these patients are at risk of developing long-term renal sequelae, principally related to chronic overload of the spared kidney and consequent alteration of glomerular physiology.…”

Urinary Tract Infection in Children

“…The most frequent organism is Escherichia (E. Coli),which is originally an harmless flora in human intestine and has some properties as virulence factors (VFs) to overcome the new environment, with bearing the ability to colonize and adhere to the uro-epithial cell through its fimbriase (P fimbriae, type-1 fimbria),the prevalence of P fimbriation from patients with severe UTIs such as urosepsis is high as 71% compared with 70% in pyelonephritis and 28% in other sources of infection (Brauner, Leissner et al1987). The process of invasion acts as cytotoxic/endotoxic effect via lipopolysaccharide, aerobactin and enterochelin production, whereas the process of pyelonephritis occurring so call "Nephropathy" (Gally, Bogan et al 1993;Olianti, Imperiale et al 2004). Moreover,several gene polymorphisms such as toll-like receotor-2(TLR2) gene,TLR4 gene,heat shock protein 72(HSPA1B) gene are closely associated with the hosts who were vulnerable to UTIs (Karoly, Fekete et al2006;Tabel, Berdeli et al2007).…”