Urinary effects of xylazine and general anesthesia in horses

Watson, ZE; Steffey, EP; Hoogmoed, LM Van; Snyder, JR

doi:10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00078_25.x

Cited by 2 publications

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“…We have no reason to believe that anesthetic procedures have an influence on urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links. Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists used during general anesthesia, can increase the volume of urine produced [ 24 ]. Therefore, we have normalized the variations in urinary output using the urinary creatinine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated urinary excretion of free pyridinoline in Friesian horses suggests a breed-specific increase in collagen degradation

et al. 2018

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BackgroundFriesian horses are known for their high inbreeding rate resulting in several genetic diseases such as hydrocephaly and dwarfism. This last decade, several studies focused on two other presumed hereditary traits in Friesian horses: megaoesophagus and aortic rupture. The pathogenesis of these diseases remains obscure but an important role of collagen has been hypothesized. The purpose of this study was to examine possible breed-related differences in collagen catabolism. Urinary specimens from Friesian (n = 17, median age 10 years old) and Warmblood horses (n = 17, median age 10 years old) were assessed for mature collagen cross-links, i.e. pyridinoline (PYD) (=hydroxylysylpyridinoline/HP) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) (lysylpyridinoline /LP).Solid-phase extraction was performed, followed by reversed-phase ion-paired liquid chromatography prior to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection.ResultsMean urinary concentrations of free PYD, expressed as fPYD/creatinine ratio, were significantly higher in Friesian horses compared to Warmblood horses (28.5 ± 5.2 versus 22.2 ± 9.6 nmol/mmol, p = 0.02) while mean fDPD/creatinine ratios were similar in both horse breeds (3.0 ± 0.7 versus 4.6 ± 3.7 nmol/mmol, p = 0.09).ConclusionsSince DPD is considered a specific bone degradation marker and PYD is more widely distributed in connective tissues, the significant elevation in the mean PYD/DPD ratio in Friesian versus Warmblood horses (9.6 ± 1.6 versus 5.7 ± 1.8, p < 0.0001) suggests a soft tissue origin for the increased fPYD levels. Considering that a previous study found no differences in total collagen content between Friesian and Warmblood horses for tendon and aortic tissue, this indicates a higher rate of collagen degradation. The latter might, at least in part, explain the predisposition of Friesians to connective tissue disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated urinary excretion of free pyridinoline in Friesian horses suggests a breed-specific increase in collagen degradation

et al. 2018

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“…The urine flow rate was not measured in the present study because volumetric urine collections were not made. However, normal urine flow rates of 0.52, 0.92, 1.12, and 1.24 mL/h/kg have been reported in healthy horses with no restrictions to feed and water [18][19][20][21]. Using these estimates of the urinary flow rate in horses, we estimated renal clearance of GLY by multiplying the urine to plasma concentration ratios at various times by these urine flow rates and present them in Table 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is useful in those Table 6 Median (range) of estimated renal clearance (mL/min/kg) using the range of urinary flow rate estimates from various reports [18][19][20][21]. cases in which the drug is regulated with a plasma threshold but for which screening methods are based on analysis of urine samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%