Urinary Cotinine Is as Good a Biomarker as Serum Cotinine for Cigarette Smoking Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk Prediction

Thomas, Catherine A.; Wang, Renwei; Adams-Haduch, Jennifer; Murphy, Sharon E.; Ueland, Per Magne; Midttun, Øivind; Brennan, Paul; Johansson, Mattias; Gao, Yu Tang; Yuan, Jian Min

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0653

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…However, multiple EVALI subjects in our study had slightly higher cotinine levels as compared to non-users. In fact, previous reports have also found significantly higher levels of cotinine amongst e-cig users when compared to non-users, with levels comparable to traditional smokers [26,32,33]. Our results confirm that dual users of both THC-and nicotine-containing products may place oneself at greater risk for hospitalization due to EVALI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Noninvasive systemic biomarkers of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury: a pilot study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cig) vaping, containing nicotine and/or Δ8, Δ9 or Δ10 or Δo tetrahydrocannabinol (Δn−THC) are associated with an outbreak of e-cig, or vaping product use, associated lung injury (EVALI). Despite thousands hospitalised with EVALI, much remains unknown about diagnosis, treatment and disease pathogenesis. Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid mediators may help identify e-cig users with EVALI.MethodsWe collected plasma and urine along with demographic and vaping-related data of EVALI subjects (ages: 18–35 years) and non-users matched for sex and age in a pilot study. Biomarkers were assessed by ELISA/EIA and Luminex-based assays.ResultsElevated levels of THC metabolite (11-nor-9-carboxy-THC) were found in plasma from EVALI subjects compared to non-users. Levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative DNA damage biomarker, and 8-isoprostane, an oxidative stress marker, were slightly increased in urine samples from EVALI subjects compared to non-users. Conversely, plasma levels of lipid mediators, including Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), were significantly lower in EVALI subjects compared to non-users. Both pro-inflammatory biomarkers, such as TNF-α, MIP-1β, RANTES, and GM-CSF, as well as anti-inflammatory biomarkers, such as IL-9 and CC10/16, were decreased in plasma from EVALI subjects compared to non-users, supportive of a possible dysregulated inflammatory response in EVALI subjects.ConclusionsSignificant elevations in urine and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, as well as reductions in lipid mediators, were shown in EVALI subjects. These non-invasive biomarkers of 8-OHdG, 8-isoprostane, RvD1, and CC10/16, either individually or collectively, may serve as biomarkers in diagnosing future EVALI subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Noninvasive systemic biomarkers of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury: a pilot study

et al. 2022

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“…UGT2B10 deficient smokers have significantly higher levels of urinary cotinine, while total cotinine levels, the sum of cotinine and cotinine glucuronide, are lower compared to smokers with "normal" UGT2B10 activity (50,100,101). Despite some limitations of cotinine as a biomarker of tobacco exposure, several studies have established plasma cotinine and urinary total cotinine levels as predictors of lung cancer risk after adjustment for cigarettes per day (106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112). However, these studies were carried out in populations exclusively or predominately of similar racial/ethnic ancestry, Whites or Chinese.…”

Section: Nicotine Metabolites As Biomarkers Of Tobacco Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of nicotine metabolism and its relevance to lung cancer

Murphy

2021

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…One of these methods is through measuring the tobacco smoke exposure biomarkers, such as cotinine, trans-3’-hydroxycotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), in urine, blood, nails, or hair [ 1 , 8 ]. Among these biomarkers, cotinine is known to be a major metabolite of nicotine through the liver enzyme CYP2A [ 12 , 16 , 17 ]. Since nicotine is the primary compound in the composition of the ETS, cotinine can be a reliable biomarker for assessing ETS exposure [ 1 , 16 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Second- and Third-Hand Tobacco Smoke Using Urinary Cotinine Levels in South Korea

Yang

Hashemi

Han

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the reason for approximately 1% of global mortality. ETS exposure can happen either as inhalation of direct cigarette smoke (second-hand smoke) or its associated residue particles (third-hand smoke), especially when living with a smoker in the same family. This study investigated the association between the urinary cotinine levels, as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke, of smokers and those exposed to second-hand and third-hand smoke while living in the same family, through a Korean nationwide survey. Direct assessment of ETS exposure and its lifetime effect on human health is practically difficult. Therefore, this study evaluated the internal estimated daily intake (I-EDI) of nicotine and equivalent smoked cigarette per day (CPD). The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic inhalation risks of ETS exposure were assessed by considering the calculated equivalent CPD and composition of cigarette smoke of high-selling cigarette brands in South Korea. The results show that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the cotinine levels of smokers and those of the non-smokers living in the same family. The risk assessment results yielded that hazard index (HI) and total excess lifetime cancer risk (ECR) for both second-hand and third-hand smoke exposure can exceed 1 and 1 × 10−6, respectively, especially in women and children. In the composition of the cigarette smoke, 1,3-butadiene and acrolein substances had the highest contribution to HI and ECR. Consequently, the provision of appropriate plans for smoking cessation as a strategy for the prevention of ETS exposure to women and children is deemed necessary.

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Urinary Cotinine Is as Good a Biomarker as Serum Cotinine for Cigarette Smoking Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk Prediction

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Noninvasive systemic biomarkers of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury: a pilot study

Noninvasive systemic biomarkers of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury: a pilot study

Biochemistry of nicotine metabolism and its relevance to lung cancer

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Second- and Third-Hand Tobacco Smoke Using Urinary Cotinine Levels in South Korea

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