Urinary corticosterone metabolites and chytridiomycosis disease prevalence in a free-living population of male Stony Creek frogs (Litoria wilcoxii)

Evaluation of Amphotericin B and Chloramphenicol as Alternative Drugs for Treatment of Chytridiomycosis and Their Impacts on Innate Skin Defenses

“…Thus, it would have the potential to inhibit corticosteroid metabolism. Diseased frogs showing detectable B. dendrobatidis infections have elevated levels of corticosteroids (75,76). Elevated corticosteroid hormones may reflect a hormonal response to disrupted skin functions and failure to retain adequate blood levels of sodium and potassium (5,6,75).…”

The relationship between physiological stress and wildlife disease: consequences for health and conservation

“…Parallel glucocorticoid and infection parameters have been measured in few studies; however, these studies have included species ranging from the seahorse (Anderson et al 2011) to amphibians (Kindermann et al 2012;Gabor et al 2013), birds (Lindström et al 2005;Kitaysky et al 2010), lizards (Oppliger et al 1998) and non-human primates Clough et al 2010), indicating the potential of this method to be used in different taxa. This approach has been applied in a small number of stress and disease studies conducted on endangered species in challenging field conditions (Aguirre et al 1995;Chapman et al 2006).…”

“…The bi-directional relationship between stress and infection poses a challenge to establishing causality in observation studies. Experimental approaches can be used to investigate causality and the multi-dimensional nature of the stress-disease relationship, including experimental stressors (Oppliger et al 1998), experimental infections (Warne et al 2011;Kindermann et al 2012;Marino et al 2014) and parasite treatment experiments (Goldstein et al 2005;Raouf et al 2006;Pedersen and Greives 2008;Monello et al 2010). However, experimental approaches have numerous logistical and ethical challenges, particularly when working with small populations of free-ranging endangered species.…”

“…Stress has also been suggested as a factor influencing a wide range of diseases in wildlife, including Chlamydia infection in koalas (Brearley et al 2013), toxoplasmosis in various marsupials (Thompson et al 2010), chytridimycosis in amphibians (Blaustein et al 2012;Kindermann et al 2012;Gabor et al 2013), avian influenza in migratory birds (Weber and Stilianakis 2007) and white nose syndrome (Cryan et al 2010) and zoonotic (spread from animals to humans) viruses in bats, including Ebola and Hendra virus (HeV) (Groseth et al 2007;Plowright et al 2014). However, associations between stress and disease in wildlife are not commonly empirically tested.…”

Variações na resposta imune, ní­veis plasmáticos de corticosterona e testosterona e condição corpórea de sapos Brasileiros em resposta ao cativeiro

“…estresse e susceptibilidade a doenças - Kindermann et al, 2012;Peterson et al, 2013; GCs, condição corpórea e fragmentação - Janin et al, 2011;Tennessen et al, 2014; sistema imune e GCs - Buehler et al, 2008;Dhabhar, 2014). Uma vez que o organismo coordena múltiplos sistemas fisiológicos para lidar com as demandas ambientais, incluindo a resposta a estressores, um estudo mais completo, integrando diversos aspectos fisiológicos se faz necessário para uma compreensão mais integrada destes sistemas.…”