Urinary Concentrations of Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Tubular Biomarkers, and Clinical Symptoms in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, Their Family Members and Others in Dry-zone of Sri Lanka: a Small Scale Field-based Case-Control Study
Abstract:Background: The growing worldwide prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has been reported since the 1990’s. Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides started to use in 1990’s with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulator action, which may cause renal dysfunction as well as neurological symptoms.Methods: We conducted a field-based case-control study in the North Central Dry-zone of Sri Lanka where CKDu was prevailing. We collected spot urine samples of 92 residents, includ… Show more
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