Urinary Changes in Ultra Long-Distance Marathon Runners

Kallmeyer, J.C.; Miller, Norman M.

doi:10.1159/000187290

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As per our knowledge this is the first study where the excretion of blood cells were studied in triathletes. In the consulted literature, this exercise effect is transient and is not associated with pathologies, once it was detected just after physical effort (Poortmans 1984, Irving et al 1986, Kallmeyer and Miller 1993, Bellinghieri et al 2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As in the previous study, the observed exercise effect was attributed to kidney damage, a very unusual event in cyclists. Unlike the study cited above, the occurrence of red blood cells in urine seems to be very common in long distance runners (Ducloux et al 1999, Kallmeyer andMiller 1993). Similar to hematuria, the presence of leucocytes in urine can indicate glomerular or tubular damage, increased glomerular permeability or inflammation of the urinary tract (Poortmans 1984, Ducloux et al 1999) and very few studies have been dedicated to investigate the presence of leucocytes in urine due to physical exertion (Richter et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Half-ironman induces changes in the kidney function of triathletes

Puggina

Machado

Filho

et al. 2014

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Long duration exercise may lead to the occurrence of urine abnormalities. Aiming to investigate the effects of triathlon training and competition on the renal function, twelve male triathletes (32.60 ± 5.10 years, 175.04 ± 6.67m, 71.83 ± 7.42Kg) were studied during the 12-week training protocol and after a Half Ironman. Urine was collected in M-1 -beginning of the training season, M-2 -before the competition and M-3 -after the half ironman. Urine pH was measured using reagent strips, density with a refractometer, proteinuria by Bradford assay, creatinine with a colorimetric assay and blood cells by microscopy. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p < 0,05). Changes were found after the competition in the protein (M-1= 7.41 ± 2.48; M-2= 7.57 ± 3.74; M-3= 86.10 ± 76.21 mg/mL), creatinine (M-1= 157.66 ± 41.59; M-2= 177.68 ± 44.46; M-3= 316.46 ± 132.86 mg/mL), erythrocytes (M-1= 1060.00 ± 0.30; M-2= 1142.86 ± 377.96; M-3= 52555.56 ± 58.65 units/mL) and leucocytes (M-1= 2375.00 ± 744.02; M-2= 2090.00 ± 0.50; M-3= 5000.00 ± 2738.60 units/mL) excretion when compared to the other collection times. These effects are probably due to the exercise-induced modifications in the glomerular membrane and endocrine variables such as anti diuretic hormone, catecholamines and aldosterone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Half-ironman induces changes in the kidney function of triathletes

Puggina

Machado

Filho

et al. 2014

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…On the other hand, there is a toxic effect of hemoglobin in the tubular cells, described as a mechanism responsible by the acute kidney failure in the IgA nephropathy cases with glomerular bleeding (Fogazzi et al, 1995). Despite the clinical condition installed after the strenuous exertion, the exercise effect is transient and is not associated with any pathology (Bellinghieri et al, 2008;Irving, Noakes, Irving, & Van Zyl-Smit, 1986;Kallmeyer & Miller 1993, Poortmans, 1984.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long distance run induced hydration and kidney function changes in marathoners

Gonçalves

Aquino

Puggina

2015

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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Abstract--The aim of the study was to verify the hydration status and the kidney function in marathoners during the training season and after a marathon race. Nine male runners were investigated during 12 weeks of training. Urine was collected in four moments; in the beginning (C1) and during (C2) the training program, before (C3) and after (C4) the competition. Urine pH was measured using reagent tapes, urine density with a refractometer, protein excretion by Bradford assay and erythrocytes and leucocytes by microscopy. Changes were observed when C-4 was compared to the other collection times for all variables investigated. It is possible to conclude that physical exertion induced important changes in the hydration status and glomerular membrane selectivity to macromolecules, modifying the kidney function of the marathoners in C4. Keywords: marathon, dehydration, kidney function, urine analysisResumo--"Corrida de longa distância induz a mudanças no estado de hidratação e na função renal em maratonistas." O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o estado de hidratação e a função renal de maratonistas durante uma temporada preparatória e após a competição. Foram estudados nove maratonistas durante 12 semanas de treinamento. A urina foi coletada em quatro momentos: antes (C1) e durante (C2) o protocolo de treinamento, antes (C3) e após (C4) a competição. Foram mensurados o pH a partir de tiras de reagentes, a densidade por meio do refratômetro, a proteinúria pelo ensaio de Bradford, concentração de eritrócitos e de leucócitos por microscopia. Alterações foram encontradas quando comparado o C-4 com as coletas anteriores para todas as variáveis estudadas. Pode-se concluir que o exercício físico induziu a modificações importantes no estado de hidratação dos corredores e na função da membrana glomerular, modificando assim, a função renal dos maratonistas no momento pós prova. Palavras-chave: maratona, desidratação, função renal, análises urináriasResumen--"Funcionamiento para un cambios de larga distancia inducido en el estado de hidratación y función renal en maratonistas." El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el estado de hidratación y la función renal en los corredores de maratón durante una temporada de preparación y después de la competición. Se estudiaron nueve corredores durante 12 semanas de entrenamiento. La orina se recogió en cuatro momentos: antes y durante el protocolo de entrenamiento, antes y después de la competición. PH de tiras reactivas, de densidad a través del refractómetro, proteinuria por Bradford ensayo, concentración de eritrocitos y leucocitos fueron medidos por microscopía. No se encontraron cambios al comparar el C-4 con las colecciones anteriores para todas las variables. Se puede concluir que el ejercicio induce cambios significativos en el estado de hidratación de los corredores y la función de la membrana glomerular, modificando de este modo la función renal del tiempo de maratón después de la carrera.Palabras claves: maratón, deshidratación, la función renal, análisis urinario

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“…The incidence of 12% hematuria after the run seen in our study is more in tandem with that found in Israeli Air Force recruits (5%), 1 unlike the incidence of470% seen in hard core athletes like ultra marathoners, 3 long distance skiers or 45% in professional athletes. [9][10][11][12][13][14] All investigators have commented that post exertional hematuria subsides within 72 h. [2][3][4]12,16,18 However, 19% of our subjects had persistence of hematuria beyond 72 h, and three individuals continued to have hematuria beyond 14 days. On evaluation, they were found to have primary glomerular disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] In 1910, Barach 5 reported proteinuria, granular casts and hematuria in marathon runners, which was later labeled as ''athletic pseudonephritis''. 6 Thereafter, many investigators have tried to localize the source of this transient exertional hematuria and proteinuria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post exertional hematuria

2014

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The incidence of exercise-induced hematuria is reported to be between 5% and 25% and available literature suggests that it lasts for a few hours to a maximum of 3 days. We analyzed the urine sediment of healthy participants between the age of 20 and 50 years before and after a 5 km run. Anyone with abnormal pre-exercise sediment was excluded from the study. Of 491 participants, 59 (12%) developed post exercise hematuria when the run had to be completed in allotted time. However, when the run was completed without time limit, only 1.3% (4 of 316) developed hematuria (p50.001). We found that the younger participants (age530 years) had a significantly higher incidence of hematuria as compared to their older compatriots (p ¼ 0.019). The mean duration of hematuria was 1.98 ± 1.89 days and 81% of the participants cleared their hematuria within 3 days. In 12% it lasted between 3 and 7 days and in 7% it continued beyond 7 days. Three individuals had persistence of hematuria beyond day 14 and all these were found to have primary glomerular disease on renal biopsy [two had IgA nephropathy and one focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)]. We conclude that exercise-induced hematuria can last up to a fortnight. However, if it persists beyond a fortnight, it is unlikely to be functional and an underlying cause is likely. Hematuria following exercise seems to be related to the intensity of effort during exercise rather than its duration.

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Urinary Changes in Ultra Long-Distance Marathon Runners

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Half-ironman induces changes in the kidney function of triathletes

Half-ironman induces changes in the kidney function of triathletes

Long distance run induced hydration and kidney function changes in marathoners

Post exertional hematuria

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