Urinary calcium excretion in children with vesicoureteral reflux

García‐Nieto, Victor; Siverio, Beatriz; Monge, Margarita; Toledo, Claudia; Molini, Natalia

doi:10.1093/ndt/18.3.507

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals slow down the defense mechanism by blocking this contact and form safe barrier that prevents the mechanical removal of bacteria via urine flow. [5][6][7] In a previous study, it was observed that treatment of IHC with thiazide diuretics prevented recurrence of UTI in six girls with IHC and recurrent UTI. 5 In another study conducted on 124 children with IHC, Vachvanichsanong et al 10 observed UTI in 40% (n ¼ 50) of the children and 78% (n ¼ 39) of them had recurrent UTI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In another study performed on 46 children with VUR but not UTI, the frequency of IHC was found higher than the normal population; however, there was no association between the degree of VUR and the scar formation with IHC like our study. 7 Stojanovic et al 6 found that the frequency of IHC in patients with recurrent UTI was significantly higher (44%) than the children who had a single UTI (10%). Vachvanichsanong et al 10 observed UTI in 40% of the children with IHC and 78% of them had recurrent UTI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7]10,[17][18][19] In a study from Serbia, Stojanovic et al 6 detected the rate of IHC as 21% in children with UTI. In a study from Turkey conducted by Biyikli et al 17 on 75 children with recurrent UTI over the age of 5 years, IHC was reported in 32 (43%) patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the relationship between UTI and IHC has been rarely reported in the literature. [5][6][7] In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of IHC among the children diagnosed to have UTI and to investigate the association of IHC with age, gender, family history, and symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Urinary Tract Infection and Idiopathic Hypercalciuria in Children

et al. 2013

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Background: Identifying the risk factors is important in prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of UTI and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC). Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four children aged between 1 month and 16 years and diagnosed to have UTI were evaluated for urinary calcium excretion. The children were diagnosed to have IHC if their urinary calcium/creatinine ratios in at least two different spot urine samples were >0.6 between 0-1 year old and !0.21 over 1 year or daily calcium excretion >4 mg/kg. Results: The frequency of IHC was found to be 16.7%. Family history of urolithiasis, parental consanguinity, presentation with abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and discomfort were found to be significantly higher in the IHC group. No association was found between IHC and the recurrence of UTI, presence of vesicoureteral reflux, renal scar formation, and the prognosis. Conclusions: IHC should be considered among the risk factors for UTI and should be investigated particularly in patients with family history of urinary stones and suggestive complaints of IHC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Urinary Tract Infection and Idiopathic Hypercalciuria in Children

et al. 2013

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“…Over time, fibrosis and contracture of the bladder wall lead to reduced compliance, vesicoureteral reflux, and may impact stone formation and clearance rates. 8 To our knowledge, no published data are available regarding surgical outcomes or complication rates of URS with laser lithotripsy in the SCI population. Therefore, the purpose of our investigation was to review the outcomes and safety of URS with laser lithotripsy to allow physicians to more accurately counsel SCI patients regarding the risks and benefits of URS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy for urolithiasis in the spinal cord injury population

et al. 2012

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Study design: Retrospective study. Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to review the outcomes and safety of retrograde ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (URS) for the treatment of urolithiasis in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Setting: Virginia, USA. Methods: All patients with SCI who underwent URS with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for urolithiasis over a 15-year period were identified. Stone size, location and number at presentation were recorded. Information regarding patient characteristics, intra-operative complications, surgical efficacy, stone clearance, peri-operative complications, and follow-up stone events was collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 67 URS procedures were performed on 29 SCI patients during the study period with an average follow-up of 3.4 years. Patients had an average of 2.3 ipsilateral ureteroscopies. The majority (85.1%) used indwelling catheters for long-term bladder management, and complete stone clearance after the first procedure was 34.3%. Of the 44 cases with residual stones 44 mm, 20 (45.5%) were secondary to technical or procedural limitations. The intra-operative complication rate was comparable to non-SCI studies at 1.5%, but peri-operative complications were significantly higher at 29.9% with the majority due to urosepsis. Factors associated with peri-operative complications include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, motor incomplete injuries and lack of a pre-operative ureteral stent. Conclusion: URS in the SCI population is an effective treatment for ureteral or renal stones but may be associated with greater risks and reduced efficacy. With advances in endourology, ureteroscopic surgery has become a popular choice for the minimally invasive treatment of urolithiasis. In the general population, studies reveal stone-free rates between 77 and 93% after one procedure. Success varies depending on size, number and location of stones. 2-5 Intra-operative complications range between 0 and 6%, and major peri-operative complications between 1 and 3%. 2,4,6 Unfortunately, it is not known whether these studies are directly applicable to patients with SCI. SCI results in neurogenic bladder, which significantly alters bladder function including ability to empty, bladder pressure, continence and bladder compliance. 7 Detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia, a common problem in SCI patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, can cause elevated detrusor

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Lithiasis in cystic kidney disease and malformations of the urinary tract

et al. 2006

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The prevalence of renal stones in renal cystic and malformative conditions exceeds the prevalence of renal stones in the general population, suggesting that the above-mentioned cystic and malformative disorders favor stone formation. Urinary stasis is generally assumed to play a major part in the pathogenesis of the nephrolithiasis associated with distorted renal anatomy due to a delayed washout of crystals and risk of urinary infections. However metabolic factors are also important in the pathogenesis of stones in these conditions. Indeed, metabolic abnormalities have been observed in the majority of stone-forming patients with conditions such as horseshoe kidney and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Five different models of stone formation can be identified, depending on stone composition, risk of infection stones, and pathogenesis of renal cystic and malformative conditions. A proper metabolic evaluation should be conducted to diagnose specific, treatable metabolic disorders, thereby reducing the frequency of recurrent stone disease in these conditions as well.

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Urinary calcium excretion in children with vesicoureteral reflux

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

The Association between Urinary Tract Infection and Idiopathic Hypercalciuria in Children

The Association between Urinary Tract Infection and Idiopathic Hypercalciuria in Children

Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy for urolithiasis in the spinal cord injury population

Lithiasis in cystic kidney disease and malformations of the urinary tract

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