Urinary Cadmium as a Marker of Exposure in Epidemiological Studies

Adams, Scott V.; Newcomb, Polly A.

doi:10.1289/ehp.1307376

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…dietary intake, smoking, air pollution) 1 are varied and difficult to quantify, and thus representative biomarkers are critical to studying this exposure. Epidemiologic studies of the health effects of cadmium often rely on urinary cadmium levels as biomarkers of individual exposure 15 . Cadmium is known to accumulate in the kidney with a long half-life (10–30 years) 1 , meaning that urinary levels are hypothesized to reflect long-term exposure 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine and toenail cadmium levels in pregnant women: A reliability study

White

O’Brien

Jackson

2018

Environment International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine and toenail cadmium levels in pregnant women: A reliability study

White

O’Brien

Jackson

2018

Environment International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 Urinary Cd (UCd) is widely used as a marker to evaluate Cd exposure, because the level of Cd in urine is in proportion to the amount accumulated in the kidney. 10 In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) first proposed a health-based exposure limit of UCd at 5 μg/g of creatinine (or 5 μg/L). 11 Currently, the standard of the UCd level deemed safe to humans in most countries is also similar to the WHO reference value.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Early Urinary Metabolic Changes with Long-Term Environmental Exposure to Cadmium by Mass-Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Gao

Huang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant, and urinary Cd (UCd) is generally used as a marker of exposure; however, our understanding on the related urinary metabolic changes caused by Cd exposure is still not clear. In this study, we applied a mass-spectrometry-based metabolomic approach to assess the urinary metabolic changes in human with long-term environmental Cd exposure, aimed to identify early biomarkers to assess Cd nephrotoxicity. Urine samples from 94 female never smokers aged 44-70 with UCd in the range of 0.20-68.67 μg/L were analyzed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that metabolites related to amino acid metabolism (L-glutamine, L-cystine, L-tyrosine, N-methyl-L-histidine, L-histidinol, taurine, phenylacetylglutamine, hippurate, and pyroglutamic acid), galactose metabolism (D-galactose and myo-inositol), purine metabolism (xanthine, urea, and deoxyadenosine monophosphate), creatine pathway (creatine and creatinine), and steroid hormone biosynthesis (17-α-hydroxyprogesterone, tetrahydrocortisone, estrone, and corticosterone) were significantly higher among those with a UCd level higher than 5 μg/L. Moreover, we noticed that the level of N-methyl-L-histidine had already started to elevate among individuals with a UCd concentration of ≥2 μg/L. The overall findings illustrate that metabolomics offer a useful approach for revealing metabolic changes as a result of Cd exposure.

show abstract

“…Cadmium accumulates in the kidneys where a portion is continuously excreted in urine, thus relative to blood measures, urinary concentrations are considered reflective of longer-term exposures. 58 In NHANES 1999–2004, urinary cadmium concentrations were measured in spot urine specimens collected from a random one-third sub-sample with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The LOD for urinary cadmium concentrations was 0.060 μg/L and concentrations below this level were assigned a value of the LOD/√2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%