Urinary bisphenol A levels in Turkish girls with premature thelarche

Puberty is the process of physical changes between childhood and adulthood during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. It is considered one of the main temporal windows of susceptibility for the influence of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs may act as single chemical agents or as chemical mixtures; they can be pubertal influencers, accelerating and anticipating the processing of maturation of secondary sexual characteristics. Moreover, recent studies have started to point out how exposure to EDCs during puberty may predispose to breast cancer later in life. In fact, the estrogen-mimicking endocrine disruptors (EEDs) may influence breast tissue development during puberty in two main ways: the first is the action on the proliferation of the breast stromal cells, the second concerns epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this mini-review was to better highlight what is new and what is not completely known regarding the role of EDCs during puberty.

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“…Studies demonstrate how this EDC is associated with premature thelarche, precocious puberty and pubertal development [15][16][17].…”

Section: Bpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects during Female Puberty: A Review of Current Evidence

Lucaccioni

Trevisani

Marrozzini

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…BPA has weak ER agonist activity at lower concentrations but can also compete with endogenous estrogens for binding, and they have antiandrogenic properties at higher concentrations [28]. Epidemiological studies on BPA and puberty have produced inconsistent results (Table 2) [29-51]. Serum or urinary BPA concentrations were significantly associated with premature thelarche [39,51], precocious puberty [32,37,44,50], and earlier pubertal development [48].…”

Section: Bisphenol Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies on BPA and puberty have produced inconsistent results (Table 2) [29-51]. Serum or urinary BPA concentrations were significantly associated with premature thelarche [39,51], precocious puberty [32,37,44,50], and earlier pubertal development [48]. However, other studies have reported no significant relationship [29-31,33-36,38,40-43,47] or later onset of puberty or menarche [45,46,49].…”

Section: Bisphenol Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal development in girls

Lee

Jung

Lee

et al. 2019

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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Over the last decades, the onset of puberty in girls has occurred earlier, but the tempo of pubertal progression has been relatively slower, resulting in a younger age at puberty onset without a change in age at menarche. Sufficient energy availability and adiposity contribute to early pubertal development, and environmental factors, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), may affect not only the control of energy balance, but also puberty and reproduction. EDCs are hormonally active substances that can perturb puberty by acting both peripherally on target organs, such as adipose tissue or adrenal glands, and/or centrally on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Depending on whether the exposure takes place earlier during fetal and neonatal life or later during early childhood, EDCs can lead to different outcomes through different mechanisms. Evidence of associations between exposures to EDCs and altered pubertal timing makes it reasonable to support their relationship. However, human epidemiologic data are limited or inconsistent and cannot provide sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between EDC exposure and changes in pubertal timing. Further investigation is warranted to determine the overall or different effects of EDCs exposure during prenatal or childhood windows on pubertal milestones and to reveal the underlying mechanisms, including epigenetic marks, whereby early-life exposure to EDCs affect the HPG-peripheral tissue axis.

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“…In the same vein, contradictory findings have also been reported in girls, where some studies have suggested an association between increased urinary levels of BPA and altered puberty (Durmaz et al. 2014, 2018; Kasper-Sonnenberg et al. 2017; McGuinn et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Relevant Perinatal Exposures to Bisphenol A Disrupt Postnatal Kiss1/NKB Neuronal Maturation and Puberty Onset in Female Mice

Ruíz-Pino

Miceli

Franssen

et al. 2019

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:The timing of puberty is highly sensitive to environmental factors, including endocrine disruptors. Among them, bisphenol A (BPA) has been previously analyzed as potential modifier of puberty. Yet, disparate results have been reported, with BPA advancing, delaying, or being neutral in its effects on puberty onset. Likewise, mechanistic analyses addressing the central and peripheral actions/targets of BPA at puberty remain incomplete and conflictive.Objective:We aimed to provide a comprehensive characterization of the impact of early BPA exposures, especially at low, real-life doses, on the postnatal development of hypothalamic Kiss1/NKB neurons, and its functional consequences on female pubertal maturation.Methods:Pregnant CD1 female mice were orally administered BPA at 5, 10, or 40μg/kg body weight (BW)/d from gestational day 11 to postnatal day 8 (PND8). Vaginal opening, as an external marker of puberty onset, was monitored daily from PND19 to PND30 in the female offspring. Blood and brain samples were collected at PND12, 15, 18, 21, and 30 for measuring circulating levels of gonadotropins and analyzing the hypothalamic expression of Kiss1/kisspeptin and NKB.Results:Perinatal exposure to BPA, in a range of doses largely below the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL; 5mg/kg BW/d, according to the FDA), was associated with pubertal differences in the female progeny compared with those exposed to vehicle alone, with an earlier age of vaginal opening but consistently lower levels of circulating luteinizing hormone. Mice treated with BPA exhibited a persistent, but divergent, impairment of Kiss1 neuronal maturation, with more kisspeptin cells in the rostral (RP3V) hypothalamus but consistently fewer kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Detailed quantitative analysis of the ARC population, essential for pubertal development, revealed that mice treated with BPA had persistently lower Kiss1 expression during (pre)pubertal maturation, which was associated with lower Tac2 (encoding NKB) levels, even at low doses (5μg/kg BW/d), in the range of the tolerable daily intake (TDI), recently updated by the European Food Safety Authority.Conclusions:Our data attest to the consistent, but divergent, effects of gestational exposures to low concentrations of BPA, via the oral route, on phenotypic and neuroendocrine markers of puberty in female mice, with an unambiguous impact on the developmental maturation not only of Kiss1, but also of the NKB system, both essential regulators of puberty onset. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5570

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Urinary bisphenol A levels in Turkish girls with premature thelarche

Cited by 21 publications

References 73 publications

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects during Female Puberty: A Review of Current Evidence

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects during Female Puberty: A Review of Current Evidence

Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal development in girls

Environmentally Relevant Perinatal Exposures to Bisphenol A Disrupt Postnatal Kiss1/NKB Neuronal Maturation and Puberty Onset in Female Mice

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