Urinary biomarkers indicate pediatric renal injury among rural farming communities in Sri Lanka

Gunasekara, T. D. K. S. C.; Silva, P. Mangala C.S. De; Ekanayake, Emil; Thakshila, W. A. K. G.; Pinipa, R. A. I.; Sandamini, P.M.M.A.; Gunarathna, Sakuntha; Chandana, E. P. S.; Jayasinghe, S; Herath, Chula; Siribaddana, Sisira; Jayasundara, Nishad

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10874-w

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…CT scans in kidney examinations are ideal for study because they provide three-dimensional information and slice-by-slice images. If kidney abnormalities such as cysts, stones, and tumors are not detected and treated early, they might lead to renal failure 10 . For this reason, early diagnosis of renal disorders like kidney cysts, stones, and tumors appears to be an important step in preventing kidney failure 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision transformer and explainable transfer learning models for auto detection of kidney cyst, stone and tumor from CT-radiography

Islam

Hasan

Hossain

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Renal failure, a public health concern, and the scarcity of nephrologists around the globe have necessitated the development of an AI-based system to auto-diagnose kidney diseases. This research deals with the three major renal diseases categories: kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, and gathered and annotated a total of 12,446 CT whole abdomen and urogram images in order to construct an AI-based kidney diseases diagnostic system and contribute to the AI community’s research scope e.g., modeling digital-twin of renal functions. The collected images were exposed to exploratory data analysis, which revealed that the images from all of the classes had the same type of mean color distribution. Furthermore, six machine learning models were built, three of which are based on the state-of-the-art variants of the Vision transformers EANet, CCT, and Swin transformers, while the other three are based on well-known deep learning models Resnet, VGG16, and Inception v3, which were adjusted in the last layers. While the VGG16 and CCT models performed admirably, the swin transformer outperformed all of them in terms of accuracy, with an accuracy of 99.30 percent. The F1 score and precision and recall comparison reveal that the Swin transformer outperforms all other models and that it is the quickest to train. The study also revealed the blackbox of the VGG16, Resnet50, and Inception models, demonstrating that VGG16 is superior than Resnet50 and Inceptionv3 in terms of monitoring the necessary anatomy abnormalities. We believe that the superior accuracy of our Swin transformer-based model and the VGG16-based model can both be useful in diagnosing kidney tumors, cysts, and stones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision transformer and explainable transfer learning models for auto detection of kidney cyst, stone and tumor from CT-radiography

Islam

Hasan

Hossain

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Other countries in this region show similar prevalence data in farming communities with 14.4% in Iran, 14% in Qatar, and 19.9% in Saudi Arabia [3 ▪▪ ]. Children in endemic areas show evidence of kidney damage including elevated tubular injury biomarkers and mild kidney functional impairment considered early stages of CKDu; however, further studies are needed to determine the prevalence and significance of these findings [10 ▪ ,11–12].…”

Section: Chronic Kidney Disease With Unknown Cause Prevalencementioning

confidence: 72%

Chronic kidney disease with unknown cause across the global spectrum

Nast

2023

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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Purpose of reviewIn the 1990s, a type of chronic kidney disease with unknown cause (CKDu) was identified in Central America and Sri Lanka. Patients lacked hypertension, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, or other usual causes of kidney failure. Affected patients are predominantly male agricultural workers aged 20--60 years, living in economically disadvantaged areas with poor access to medical care. Patients typically present late and progress to end-stage kidney disease within 5 years, resulting in social and economic hardship for families, regions, and countries. This review covers the current state of knowledge for this disease. Recent findingsThe prevalence of CKDu is increasing in known endemic regions and across the globe, reaching epidemic proportions. There is primary tubulointerstitial injury with secondary glomerular and vascular sclerosis. No definitive etiologic factors have been identified, and these may vary or overlap in different geographic locations. The leading hypotheses include exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals and trace elements, and kidney injury from dehydration/heat stress. Infections and lifestyle factors may play a role, but are likely not key. Genetic and epigenetic factors are beginning to be explored. SummaryCKDu is a leading cause of premature death in young-to-middle-aged adults in endemic regions and has become a public health crisis. Studies are underway to investigate clinical, exposome, and omics factors, and hopefully will provide insights into pathogenetic mechanisms resulting in biomarker discovery, preventive measures, and therapeutics.

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“…34 During the past three decades, agricultural communities in dry, lowland agroecology zones have been at risk of contracting a deadly CKDu. [35][36][37][38][39] A research team controversially claimed that arsenic caused CKDu disease in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. This research team was led by a group of university professors who are pronationalists and political ideologists.…”

Section: Discussion Background To the Failure In Agriculture In Sri L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sri Lanka has seven agro‐climatic zones further subdivided into 46 agroecological regions 34 . During the past three decades, agricultural communities in dry, lowland agroecology zones have been at risk of contracting a deadly CKDu 35–39 . A research team controversially claimed that arsenic caused CKDu disease in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science and opinion in decision making: A case study of the food security collapse in Sri Lanka

Wijerathna‐Yapa,

Henry,

Dunn

et al. 2023

Modern Agriculture

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Making decisions related to security, whether at the community, national, or regional level, is a highly intricate task. This requires a multi‐criteria decision‐making approach that incorporates inputs from various perspectives, including those of science, culture, economics, sustainability, and climate change. In order to make successful decisions, it is imperative to compare alternatives and rank the consequences and relative impacts associated with each option. Such comparisons and rankings require a careful balance of evidence‐based scientific data and diverse opinions. The recent scenario of the food security collapse in Sri Lanka provides a poignant reminder of the importance of this decision‐making process and the consequences of unacknowledged or unidentified misinformation. Sri Lanka responded to an unexplained health condition and a desire to enter a new sales market by swiftly transitioning to organic farming. However, this abrupt change led to the rapid collapse of Sri Lanka's food supply, a significant decline in GDP, and hardships for both rural and urban communities. While the government eventually reversed its policy, Sri Lanka faced challenges in recovery. It is evident that disinformation and misinformation played a role in this unfortunate situation. This paper offers an in‐depth exploration of the events, underlining the necessity to distinguish between disinformation and misinformation in policy development.

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Urinary biomarkers indicate pediatric renal injury among rural farming communities in Sri Lanka

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Vision transformer and explainable transfer learning models for auto detection of kidney cyst, stone and tumor from CT-radiography

Vision transformer and explainable transfer learning models for auto detection of kidney cyst, stone and tumor from CT-radiography

Chronic kidney disease with unknown cause across the global spectrum

Science and opinion in decision making: A case study of the food security collapse in Sri Lanka

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