Urinary bactericidal activity, urinary excretion and plasma concentrations of gatifloxacin (400 mg) versus ciprofloxacin (500 mg) in healthy volunteers after a single oral dose

Urinary Pharmacokinetics and Bactericidal Activity of Finafloxacin (200 and 800 mg) in Healthy Volunteers Receiving a Single Oral Dose

“…By using the same indicator organisms, i.e. E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli 523 NalR, K. pneumoniae 595, P. mirabilis 414, P. aeruginosa 568 and E. faecalis 60, the AUBT 24 calculated for ciprofloxacin at the pH values of freshly voided urine following an oral dose of 500 mg were within the same range as, or tended to be lower than, those calculated for 800 mg finafloxacin [16,30,31,37]. A considerable intra- and interstudy variability is evident from the published data.…”

“…A considerable intra- and interstudy variability is evident from the published data. For example, in three different studies, the mean ciprofloxacin AUBT 24 for E. coli 523 NalR ranged from 528 to 1,632 h, and those for E. coli ATCC 25922 ranged from 7,680 to 12,288 h [16,31,37]; the intrastudy variability was also comparably high, ranging from 342 to 996 h for E. coli ATCC 25922, and from 120 to 570 h for E. coli 523 NalR [16]. This high variability of UBT and AUBT values is probably due to the highly variable urinary pH values affecting activity, as well as highly variable urinary concentrations recorded in this and all other UBT studies quoted.…”

Ciprofloxacin: review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects

“…Because of the widespectrum bactericidal activity, oral efficacy, and good tolerability, it is being extensively employed for blind therapy of infections, but should not be used for minor cases or where Gram-positive organisms are primarily suspected 4,101,107,108 . Some clinical indications of ciprofloxacin are summarized in Table 4.…”

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

“…Therefore, studies that consider in vitro killing effects or bacteriostatic activity in artificial fluids are likely to produce conservative estimates of the killing or duration of static activity seen in vivo. An example of a negative influence is the impact of urine on fluorquinolone activity (Boy et al 2004;Naber 2001;Well et al 1998). Possible reasons for this include the effect of pH (ionisation reduced permeability of drug into the bacterial cell) or the effect of ions (chelating the drug and thereby reducing permeation into the bacteria (Zhanel et al 1991).…”