Urinary and Anal Incontinence During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Abstract

The occurrence of UI and anal incontinence during the postpartum period is related to the presence of incontinence in pregnancy, and vaginal delivery increases the risk of persistent incontinence. Some risk factors for both incontinences during pregnancy and postpartum are related to lifestyles and obstetric practices.

Urinary incontinence related to perineal muscle strength in the first trimester of pregnancy: cross-sectional study

“…A cohort study with 1,128 nulliparous pregnant women without previous UI in the first trimester of pregnancy identified a prevalence of 8.3% of UI (CI95% 6.6 -10.0) (18) , close to the percentage of 7.4% among the primigravidas in this study.…”

“…In this study, the average (8.2; SD = 3.9) and the median (8) of the ICIQ-SF score showed values that were compatible with moderate impact on the quality of life of pregnant women with UI, considering the classification into four categories of severity: light (1-5), moderate (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), heavy (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and very heavy (19)(20)(21) (28) .…”

Incontinência urinária autorreferida no pós-parto: características clínicas

“…Studies performed in Denmark and Spain (4,10) found a high association rate between UI in the postpartum and the type of childbirth and with the occurrence of UI during pregnancy. Similarly, a United States study (11) performed with 80 pregnant women with UI found that 44% of the participants continued incontinent after childbirth.…”

“…Research states that pregnancy and childbirth increase the frequency of UI (4) . Although UI have negative effects on women's everyday lives, affecting their quality of life, most incontinent women consider it to be something normal and do not seek medical help (4)(5)(6) .…”

Existe alteração na função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e abdominais de primigestas no segundo e terceiro trimestre gestacional?

“…In addition, hormonal changes, occurred mainly from the second trimester of pregnancy, may cause changes in the connective tissues, influencing the support and continence mechanism 1 . As a result of these changes, there may be a reduction in support of the bladder neck and proximal urethra, predisposing pelvic floor (PF) dysfunctions 2,3 , which may become more prevalent as the pregnancy progresses and are associated with the pressure exerted by the fetal head on the bladder 4,5 . O'Boyle et al 6 observed a significant increase in urethral mobility in primigravidae, suggesting that physiological changes occur in the pelvic floor (PF) during pregnancy.…”