Urinary albumin excretion and prevalence of microalbuminuria in a general Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundMicroalbuminuria has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes as well as in the general population. Urinary albumin excretion over 24 h is considered a ‘gold standard’ to detect microalbuminuria. Few studies have used 24-h urinary albumin excretion to analyze the prevalence of and related factors for microalbuminuira in a general Chinese population.MethodsThis study included 1980 adults aged 18–69 years from the Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) Project 2011 survey. Blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference were measured, and a venous blood and timed 24-h urine samples were collected from each participant. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test associations between established cardiovascular risk factors and microalbuminuria.ResultsThe median (25th–75th percentile) of 24-h urinary albumin excretion was 6.1 mg/d (4.5–8.7 mg/d) for all adults, 6.0 mg/d (4.4–8.5 mg/d) for men and 6.2 mg/d (4.6–8.9 mg/d) for women. The overall prevalence of microalbuminuria was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2–5.0%), 3.7% (95% CI: 2.9–4.5%) for men and 4.6% (95% CI: 3.7–5.5%) for women. Microalbuminuria was present in 8.1% (95% CI: 6.9–9.3%) of individuals with hypertension, 11.4% (95% CI: 10.0–12.8%) of those with diabetes and 15.6% (95% CI: 14.0–17.2%) of those with both. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that systolic blood pressure (odds ratio [OR] 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03) and fasting blood glucose (OR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05–1.35) were the independent risk factors for microalbuminuria.ConclusionsAdults in the general population of Shandong Province have a moderate prevalence of microalbuminuria. Those with hypertension and diabetes are at high risk of having microalbuminuria, suggesting the need for screening and early intervention for microalbuminuria among these individuals.

Association of microalbuminuria and high–normal 24-hour urinary albumin excretion with metabolic syndrome and its components in the general Chinese population: cross-sectional study

“…Our study showed that the prevalence of MAU was 9.0% in the study population and was much more prevalent in persons with MetS (15.1%) in particular. The prevalence of MAU in our study was moderate compared with that in other studies in China (4.1%–15%) 13 14 21–24. This varied prevalence observed in the Chinese population may be associated with different age distributions, regions and methods of defining MAU.…”

Association of Albuminuria With Major Adverse Outcomes in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

“…[8][9][10] The presence of albuminuria is associated with increased risk for adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes in the general population and in patients with a broad array of diseases. 6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The association between cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) and albuminuria has been known for more than a century. 21 However, to our knowledge, few studies 22,23 have explored this phenomenon in other subtypes of CHD in the contemporary era and in which most patients undergo surgical or catheter-based repair.…”

Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Injection on Hypertensive Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Thus, further trials in a large series are required to determine the efficacy of STS plus irbesartan. SCr, an accurate index for renal function, also reliably predicts the risk for renal injury (Spanaus et al, 2010;Yan et al, 2014). The results of our analysis indicated that STS combined with ARBs can significantly decrease serum levels of creatinine.…”