Urinary aflatoxin biomarkers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Ross, Ronald K.; Yu, Mimi C.; Henderson, Brian E.; Yuan, Jian‐Min; Qian, Geng; Tu, Juchuanli; Gao, Yu‐Tang; Wogan, Gerald N.; Groopman, John D.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91528-g

Cited by 631 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It has shown that the effects of exposure to aflatoxin and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are significantly associated with the risk of death due to liver cancer. 71, 85 Ross et al 86 have revealed a strong statistical correlation between aflatoxin ingestion and incidence of HCC in several areas of the world.…”

Section: Role Of Aflatoxin B Causes Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India

Kar

2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of death all over the world, more so in Asia and Africa. The representative data on epidemiology of HCC in India is very scanty and cancer is not a reportable disease in India and the cancer registries in India are mostly urban. 45 million people who are suffering from chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and approximately 15 million people who are afflicted with chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in India. HBV and HCV infection is considered an important etiologic factor in HCC. Positive association between HCC and consumption of alcohol where alcohol contribute as a cofactor for hepatotoxins and hepatitis viruses. Aflatoxin contamination in the diets, Hepatitis B virus infection and liver cirrhosis in Andhra Pradesh, India and direct chronic exposure to aflatoxins was shown to cause liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of liver of any cause lead to develop about 70%-90% of HCC. Aflatoxin interact synergistically with Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which increase the risk of HCC. HBV infection, HBV infection with Aflatoxin exposure, viral infection and alcohol consumption leading to overt cirrhosis of the liver, alcohol consumption leading to cirrhosis of the liver with viral infection are the predominant risk factor for the development of HCC. HCV and alcohol are also associated with HCC in India. Indians develop diabetes at younger age, Asians have strong genetic susceptibility for type II diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is identified as a risk factor for HCC. Prevention of viral infection by universal vaccination against hepatitis virus, HCC surveillance program, preventing alcoholic liver diseases, fungal contamination of grains and ground crops to prevent basically Aflatoxin exposure are important measures to prevent liver diseases and HCC among those at risk. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2014;4:S34-S42)

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Section: Role Of Aflatoxin B Causes Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India

Kar

2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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“…Among those, chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses infections attribute to HCC development in more than 80% of the HCC cases worldwide . Other known risk factors of HCC, including dietary aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) intake, cigarette smoking or heavy alcohol consumption, can have synergistic effects (reviewed by Ross et al, 1992;Qian et al, 1994;Kew, 2003;Yu and Yuan, 2004). Besides these risk factors, there are several genetic disorders (Figure 2) such as hemochromatosis (an iron overload disease) that are associated with an increased risk of HCC Kowdley, 2004).…”

Section: Incidence and Etiology Of Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

TP53 mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of liver cancer

et al. 2007

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“…Although chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is now regarded as the major cause of HCC in high-incidence areas (Yeh et al, 1989;Chen et al, 1991;Ryder et al, 1992), ingestion of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) has also been implicated as another major contributor to risk (Yeh et al, 1989;Ross et al, 1992;Wang et al, 1996a,b). Many studies have confirmed that parent compound AFB 1 is converted to its carcinogenic forms through metabolism by members of the endogenous cytochrome P-450 enzyme superfamily to reactive 8,9-epoxide metabolites, which can covalently interact with cellular DNA and proteins (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1992;Gallagher et al, 1994;Guengerich et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Determinants of formation of aflatoxin-albumin adducts: a seven-township study in Taiwan

Ca¹,

Dm²,

Ly³

et al. 2002

Br J Cancer

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Dietary exposure to aflatoxins is one of the major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Individual susceptibility to aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis may be modulated by both genetic and environmental factors affecting metabolism. A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate determinants of the formation of aflatoxin covalently bound to albumin (AFB 1 -albumin adducts). A total of 474 subjects who were free of liver cancer and cirrhosis and were initially selected as controls for previous case -control studies of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Taiwan, were employed in this study. Aflatoxin-albumin adducts were determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to hepatitis C virus by enzyme immunoassay, as well as genotypes of glutathione S-transferase M1-1 and T1-1 by polymerase chain reaction. The detection rate of AFB 1 -albumin adducts was significantly higher in males (42.5%) than in females (21.6%) (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio=2.6, 95% confidence interval=1.4 -5.0). The formation of detectable albumin adducts was moderately higher in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers (42.8%) than in non-carriers (36.6%) (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio=1.4, 95% confidence interval=1.0 -2.1). In addition, the detection rate of AFB 1 -albumin adducts tended to increase with the increasing number of null genotypes of glutathione S-transferase M1-1 and glutathione Stransferase T1-1. In conclusion, this cross-sectional study has assessed the relative contributions of environmental exposure and host susceptibility factors in the formation of AFB 1 -albumin adducts in a well characterised Chinese adult population. This study further emphasises the necessity to reduce aflatoxin exposure in people living in an area endemic for chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

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Urinary aflatoxin biomarkers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 631 publications

References 7 publications

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India

TP53 mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of liver cancer

Determinants of formation of aflatoxin-albumin adducts: a seven-township study in Taiwan

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