Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) levels among pregnant women in Mexico City: Distribution and relationships with child neurodevelopment

Watkins, Deborah J.; Fortenberry, Gamola Z.; Sánchez, Brisa N.; Barr, Dana Boyd; Panuwet, Parinya; Schnaas, Lourdes; Osorio-Valencia, Erika; Solano-González, Maritsa; Ettinger, Adrienne S.; Hernández-Ávila, Mauricio; Hu, Howard; Téllez-Rojo, Martha M.; Meeker, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.025

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, studies from China ( Xue et al. 2013 ) and Mexico ( Watkins et al. 2016 ) reported decreases in infant and toddler cognition with even lower levels of maternal pyrethroid metabolites than in the current study (e.g., 3PBA

in Mexico vs.

in VHEMBE).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…On the other hand, a Chinese study reported the sum of prenatal urinary levels of cis –(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid (DCCA), trans -DCCA, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) to be associated with lower cognitive scores in 1-y-olds ( Xue et al. 2013 ), and a Mexican study found higher 3PBA levels to be related with lower cognitive scores (BSID) at 2 and 3 y of age ( Watkins et al. 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa

Eskenazi

Rauch

et al. 2018

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Although indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids effectively controls malaria, it potentially increases human exposure to these insecticides. Previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to these insecticides may impact human neurodevelopment.Objectives:We aimed to estimate the effects of maternal insecticide exposure and neurodevelopment of toddlers living in a malaria-endemic region currently using IRS.Methods:The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort of 752 mother–child pairs in Limpopo, South Africa. We measured maternal exposure to DDT and its breakdown product, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), in maternal serum, and measured pyrethroid metabolites in maternal urine. We assessed children’s neurodevelopment at 1 and 2 y of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition (BSID-III), and examined associations with maternal exposure.Results:DDT and DDE were not associated with significantly lower scores for any BSID-III scale. In contrast, each 10-fold increase in cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were associated, respectively, with a −0.63 (95% CI: −1.14, −0.12), −0.48 (95% CI: −0.92, −0.05), and −0.58 (−1.11, −0.06) decrement in Social-Emotional scores at 1 y of age. In addition, each 10-fold increase in maternal cis-DBCA levels was associated with significant decrements at 2 y of age in Language Composite scores and Expressive Communication scores [β=−1.74 (95% CI: −3.34, −0.13) and β=−0.40 (95% CI: −0.77, −0.04), respectively, for a 10-fold increase]. Significant differences by sex were estimated for pyrethroid metabolites and motor function scores at 2 y of age, with higher scores for boys and lower scores for girls.Conclusions:Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids may be associated at 1 y of age with poorer social-emotional development. At 2 y of age, poorer language development was observed with higher prenatal pyrethroid levels. Considering the widespread use of pyrethroids, these findings deserve further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2129

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in Mexico vs.

in VHEMBE).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa

Eskenazi

Rauch

et al. 2018

Environ Health Perspect

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“…An additional limitation is that the pesticide metabolite concentrations were determined by one single spot urine sample collected after overnight fasting. The pesticides are assumed to be rapidly metabolized and excreted from the body within hours to days and substantial within-subject variability has been demonstrated for organophosphate metabolites [60] and to a lesser degree for pyrethroids [61]. Thus, some exposure misclassification is expected but it is unlikely to be dependent on the investigated health outcomes, making it non-differential and tend to bias the effect estimates toward the null.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of maternal exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides and the herbicide 2,4-D with birth outcomes and anogenital distance at 3 months in the Odense Child Cohort

Dalsager

Christensen

Kongsholm

et al. 2018

Reproductive Toxicology

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In Odense Child Cohort (OCC), concentrations of the pesticide metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and dialkyl phosphates (DAPs) were measured in urine samples collected in gestational week 28 in up to 858 women. Gestational length, birth weight, head and abdominal circumference were obtained from birth records and anogenital distance (AGD) was measured at age three month. We did not find consistent dose-related associations between pesticide metabolite concentrations and birth outcomes or AGD. However, females tended to have shorter abdominal circumference with higher maternal 3-PBA concentrations (β: -0.3 (95% CI: -0.5, -0.003) cm). Further, a non-significant dose-related elongation of AGD in females was seen for 3-PBA (p-trend: 0.14) and diethyl phosphates (p-trend: 0.08). In males, exposure to 2,4-D in the second compared to the first tertile showed a statistically significant shorter AGD (β: -1.55 (-2.81, -0.28) mm). These findings may suggest a weak disturbance of sex-hormone action.

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“…However, fetuses and infants are particularly susceptible to toxicants. An analysis of published studies shows that prenatal exposure to some pesticides may induce malformations (herbicides) [ 8 – 10 ], affect fetal growth (herbicides, organophosphorous) [ 11 – 13 ], or are associated to behavioral disorders (organophosorous, pyrethroids) [ 14 – 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolome disruption of pregnant rats and their offspring resulting from repeated exposure to a pesticide mixture representative of environmental contamination in Brittany

et al. 2018

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The use of pesticides exposes humans to numerous harmful molecules. Exposure in early-life may be responsible for adverse effects in later life. This study aimed to assess the metabolic modifications induced in pregnant rats and their offspring by a pesticide mixture representative of human exposure. Ten pregnant rats were exposed to a mixture of eight pesticides: acetochlor (246 μg/kg bw/d) + bromoxynil (12 μg/kg bw/d) + carbofuran (22.5 μg/kg bw/d) + chlormequat (35 μg/kg bw/d) + ethephon (22.5 μg/kg bw/d) + fenpropimorph (15.5 μg/kg bw/d) + glyphosate (12 μg/kg bw/d) + imidacloprid (12.5 μg/kg bw/d) representing the main environmental pesticide exposure in Brittany (France) in 2004. Another group of 10 pregnant rats served as controls. Females were fed ad libitum from early pregnancy, which is from gestational day (GD) 4 to GD 21. Urine samples were collected at GD 15. At the end of the exposure, mothers and pups were euthanized and blood, liver, and brain samples collected. 1H NMR-based metabolomics and GC-FID analyses were performed and PCA and PLS-DA used to discriminate between control and exposed groups. Metabolites for which the levels were significantly modified were then identified using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and p-values were adjusted for multiple testing correction using the False Discovery Rate. The metabolomics analysis revealed many differences between dams of the two groups, especially in the plasma, liver and brain. The modified metabolites are involved in TCA cycle, energy production and storage, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and amino-acid metabolism. These modifications suggest that the pesticide mixture may induce oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism. These observations may reflect liver dysfunction with increased relative liver weight and total lipid content. Similar findings were observed for glucose and energy metabolism in the liver of the offspring, and oxidative stress was also suggested in the brains of male offspring.

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Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) levels among pregnant women in Mexico City: Distribution and relationships with child neurodevelopment

Cited by 68 publications

References 45 publications

Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa

Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa

Associations of maternal exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides and the herbicide 2,4-D with birth outcomes and anogenital distance at 3 months in the Odense Child Cohort

Metabolome disruption of pregnant rats and their offspring resulting from repeated exposure to a pesticide mixture representative of environmental contamination in Brittany

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