Uricase and Horseradish Peroxidase Hybrid CaHPO<sub>4</sub> Nanoflower Integrated with Transcutaneous Patches for Treatment of Hyperuricemia

Ying, Hao; Li, He; Cao, Yiping; Chen, Yu‐Wen; Lei, Minyi; Zhang, TaoYe; Xiao, Yao; Chu, Bingyang; Qian, Zhiyong

doi:10.1166/jbn.2019.2752

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Once this balance is disturbed, it leads to hyperuricemia. Normally, male UA levels greater than 7 mg/dL or female UA levels greater than 6 mg/dL are considered to be hyperuricemia (Hao et al, 2019). However, Virdis et al confirmed that the threshold of UA level increased total mortality (4.7 mg/dL) and cardiovascular mortality (5.6 mg/dL) risk, which was significantly lower than clinical diagnostic criteria (Virdis et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasingly unhealthy lifestyles, the incidence of hyperuricemia is increasing, and it has become the "fourth highest" after hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. It is estimated that the total number of patients with hyperuricemia was 170 million in China (Hao et al, 2019) and 32.5 million in the United States (Singh et al, 2019). Large-scale clinical studies on the relationship between serum uric acid (sUA) and cardiovascular diseases started from the Framingham Heart Study in the 1980s, the results of which indicate that UA does not have a causal role in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), death from cardiovascular disease or all causes (Culleton et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective

2020

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Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine nucleotide metabolism in the human body. Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of UA in the blood and may result in arthritis and gout. The prevalence of hyperuricemia has been increasing globally. Epidemiological studies have shown that UA levels are positively correlated with cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF). Hyperuricemia promotes the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases by regulating molecular signals, such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress, insulin resistance/diabetes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Despite extensive research, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, has been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HF, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Whether febuxostat, another XO inhibitor, can improve cardiovascular outcomes as well as allopurinol remains controversial. Furthermore, it is also not clear whether UA-lowering treatment (ULT) can benefit patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. In this review, we focus on the latest cellular and molecular findings of cardiovascular disease associated with hyperuricemia and clinical data about the efficacy of ULT in patients with cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective

2020

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“…It is well known that hyperuricemia incidence is increasing and it has become the "fourth highest" risk factor after hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia [49], It is reported that there were 32.5 million patients with hyperuricemia in the United States [50] and 170 million in China [51]. There is strong epidemiological evidence that hyperuricemia is an important risk factor in several complications, such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Peng

et al. 2021

Aging Clin Exp Res

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Objective Despite the high incidence and mortality of cardiovascular events in hyperuricemia patients, the role of serum uric acid in cardiovascular diseases is still controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the difference of carotid intima-media thickness in hyperuricemia and control groups. Methods We performed this meta-analysis by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases up to July 2020. The 95% confidence intervals and standard mean differences were calculated to analyze the differences in carotid intima-media thickness in hyperuricemia groups and control groups. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot and Begg's regression test. We used Stata 14.0 software to complete our analyses. Results A total of 8 articles were included. The results showed that there was a significant increase in carotid intima-media thickness in the hyperuricemia groups compared with the control groups [SMD = 0.264, 95% CI (0.161-0.366), P < 0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that age, sample size, blood pressure and body mass index were not the source of heterogeneity. Meta-regression enrolled the method of CIMT measurement, location, age, smoking and diabetes mellitus as categorical variables, but none of these factors was found to be significant in the model. The Begg's test value (P = 0.174) was greater than 0.05, indicating there was no publication bias. ConclusionThe results showed that carotid intima-media thickness was increased in hyperuricemia patients compared with controls, which indicated that hyperuricemia patients may have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.

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“…Then we calculated the left ventricular mass (LVM) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) based on the above data. LVM was calculated by using the equation: 0.8×1.04 ((IVSd + LVIDD + PWTd) 3 --LVIDD 3 ) + 0.6. LVMI was calculated by dividing LVM by height 2.7 (LVMI h2.7 ).…”

Section: Clinical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia occurred more cardiovascular events than those without hyperuricemia (1,2). Recently epidemiological study reported that there are 170 million patients with hyperuricemia in China (3), which greatly increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular events. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the risk strati cation method of hyperuricemia to identify people at high risk of cardiovascular events and other complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediation Effect of Obesity on the Association Between Triglyceride-glucose Index and Hyperuricemia in Chinese Hypertension Adults.

Jin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index was regarded as a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). It is confirmed that IR was significantly associated with hyperuricemia, and obesity was the risk factor for IR and hyperuricemia. However, the relationship of TyG index and hyperuricemia and the potential role of obesity in Han Chinese hypertension are not entirely elucidated.Method：A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 4551 hypertension patients aged 40-75 years with clinical and biochemical data. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dl) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Hyperuricemia was determined as serum uric acid ≥357μmol/L (6 mg/dl) for females and ≥417μmol/L (7 mg/dl) for males. Body mass index (BMI), waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were regarded as obesity indexes, to evaluate the mediation effect of the association between TyG index and hyperuricemia.Result：The TyG index was higher in patients with hyperuricemia than in those without (8.99±0.61, 8.70±0.59, P<0.001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with the lowest (≤8.32), second (8.33-8.66), the third (8.67-9.07) and the highest quartile (≥9.08) of TyG index was 6.0%, 10.4%, 15.4%, 21.4%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the higher quartile of TyG index were associated with increased hyperuricemia risk whether in crude or adjusted models (P<0.05). Mediation analysis showed that all of our obesity indexes partially mediated the association between TyG index and hyperuricemia to some extent.Conclusion：TyG index is significantly associated with hyperuricemia in hypertension patients among Han Chinese, obesity plays a partial mediation role in this relationship.

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Uricase and Horseradish Peroxidase Hybrid CaHPO₄ Nanoflower Integrated with Transcutaneous Patches for Treatment of Hyperuricemia

Cited by 55 publications

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Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective

Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective

Carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mediation Effect of Obesity on the Association Between Triglyceride-glucose Index and Hyperuricemia in Chinese Hypertension Adults.

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Uricase and Horseradish Peroxidase Hybrid CaHPO4 Nanoflower Integrated with Transcutaneous Patches for Treatment of Hyperuricemia

Cited by 55 publications

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Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective

Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective

Carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mediation Effect of Obesity on the Association Between Triglyceride-glucose Index and Hyperuricemia in Chinese Hypertension Adults.

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Uricase and Horseradish Peroxidase Hybrid CaHPO₄ Nanoflower Integrated with Transcutaneous Patches for Treatment of Hyperuricemia