Uric acid, joint morbidity, and streptococcal antibodies in Maori and European teenagers. Rotorua Lakes study 3.

Abstract

Stanhope, J. M., and Prior, I. A. M. (1975). Annals ofthe Rheumatic Diseases, 34,359-363. Uric acid, joint morbidity, and streptococcal antibodies in Maori and European teenagers. Rotorua Lakes study 3. Two hundred and ninety-four New Zealand secondary school students were examined by questionnaire, and physical and biochemical methods. The sample contained almost equal numbers of Maoris and Europeans. The findings related to joint conditions are presented. Past injury and rheumatic disease accounted for some of the reported morbidity, but no important sex or race differences in these factors emerged. There were, however, significant differences in serum uric acid levels with the Maori having higher levels than the Europeans. A significant correlation with body mass was present in both race and sex groups but a correlation with haemoglobin was present only in the European females. While hyperuricaemia was not associated with morbidity in this young sample, ethnic differences anticipated the higher prevalence of gout already observed in Maori men. i Studies among New Zealand Maori and European adults have shown significantly higher serum uric acid levels and rates of clinical gout in the Maori (Rose and Isdale, 1963; Rose and Prior, 1963; Prior and Rose, 1966;Evans, Prior, and Morrison, 1969). This predisposition to hyperuricaemia and gout is associated with high rates of obesity, hyperglycaemia, and hypertriglyceridaemia, and represents a complex metabolic problem which contributes to morbidity and mortality in Maori adults (Prior, Rose, Harvey, and Davidson, 1966).The present study was undertaken in a New Zealand secondary school, which contained almost equal numbers of Maori and Europeans aged 13 to 16 years, to find out if ethnic differences similar to those seen in adults could be shown in serum uric acid concentration, joint symptoms, smoking habits, respiratory health, and coronary risk factors including lipid levels. Serum uric acid levels are reported.In addition we present data relating to joint conditions in the sample, examining the quantity and distribution ofjoint symptoms and signs, with a view to estimating the contribution of rheumatic, hyperuricaemic, and traumatic components to joint morbidity. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease have a notably higher morbidity and mortality rate in Maori than in Europeans (Stanhope, 1975) and are presumably related to a higher rate of streptococcal infection or to the presence of some other conditioning factors. The antistreptolysin 0 and antihyaluronidase titres were estimated to detect race differences.In a previous paper we described smoking habits, respiratory health, and related variables (Stanhope and Prior, 1975a), and the differences in the pattern of coronary risk factors will also be reported (Stanhope and Prior, 1975b

Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease

“…Allelic variants among the single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in SLC2A9 have been linked to lower serum urate, an earlier age for PD onset and faster clinical decline among those with early PD (166, 167). Interestingly, a recent preliminary finding of lower PD incidence and prevalence in the native Maori population of New Zealand (approximately half the rates of New Zealanders of European descent) (168) may be explained by the significantly greater urate levels among Maori, which precede adulthood (169) and have been attributed to SLC2A9 gene variants (170). …”

Racial and Gender Disparities Among Patients with Gout

“…59 In a study comparing Maori and European students aged 13 to 16 years, Maori boys had a mean serum urate that was 1 mg/dl higher than that of European boys, and serum urate level among Maori girls were a mean of 0.5 mg/dl higher than their European female counterparts. 60 …”

Καπνισμα Και Μαθητοκοσμος. Χρηση, Γνωσεις, Σταση

“…Οι έρευνες σε παιδιά και εφήβους και των δύο φύλων έδειξαν ότι οι καπνιστές ανέφεραν κατά κανόνα περισσότερα συμπτώματα από το αναπνευστικό, όπως βήχα (πρωινό ή κατά τη διάρκεια της μέρας ή της νύχτας), απόχρεμψη και δύσπνοια με την κόπωση σε σύγκριση με τους συνομήλικους τους που δεν κάπνιζαν. Η ένταση των συμπτωμάτων ήταν ανάλογη με τον αριθμό των τσιγάρων που κάπνιζαν καθημερινά, ενώ αντίθετα η διακοπή ή ο περιορισμός του καπνίσματος είχε σαν αποτέλεσμα την εξαφάνιση ή τη βελτίωση των συμπτωμάτων (Boyle 1968, Holland and Elliot 1968, Holland et al 1969a,b, Colley et al 1970, Seely et al 1971, Bewley et al 1973, Rush 1974, Stanhope and Prior 1975, Kiernan et al 1976 Γίνεται πια φανερό ότι "οι γυναίκες που ζουν όπως οι άνδρες, πεθαίνουν όπως και οι άνδρες" (Lewis and Lewis 1977).…”

“…Η παλινδρομική όμως ανάλυση έδειξε ότι η αρνητική αυτή σχέση προκύπτει μέσω άλλων παραμέτρων, όπως η σχολική επίδοση και η πρόθεση για συνέχιση των σπουδών τους.Το στοίχε Co αυτό συμφωνεί και με τα* ευρήματα τόσο των βρετανικών, όσο και των σκανδιναβικών ερευνών, που δείχνουν ότι οι κοινωνικές ομάδες με υψηλό μορφωτικό επίπεδο, όπως π.χ. οι δάσκαλοι και οι γιατρού, έρχονται πρώτοι στη διακοπή του καπνίσματος(Aarjzf et al 1977, Bjartveit and Lachsen 1979).Τα συμπεράσματα των ερευνών, που εξετάζουν τη σχέση μεταξύ του καπνίσματος των παιδιών και των εφήβων με το κάπνισμα από τα αδέλφια τους, συμφωνούν σταθερά ότι η πιθανότητα να αρχίσουν το κάπνισμα αυξάνει ανάλογα με τον αριθμό των αδελφιών τους που καπνίζουν(Salber et al 1963a, Lemin 1966, Horn 1968b, Bynner 1969, U.S.DHEW 1972, Wake et al 1974, Erne and Bruppacher 1975, Higgins and Keller 1975, Stanhope and Prior 1975, Green 1977, Bewley and Bland 1977, Banks et al 1978, U.S. DHEW 1979,Murray and Cracknell 1980, Aar;, Porter 1982, Murray et al 1983a, Mangan and Golding 1983…”