Uric acid and diabetes mellitus: an update

Abstract

The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and high serum uric acid is complex and controversial. Many epidemiological studies have reported a positive association, whereas others have reported an inverse association or none. In the pathogenesis of DM it is the intracellular urate that is more important than the extracellular and dissociation between the two is possible. Evidence suggests that high serum uric acid induces insulin resistance and beta cell failure in animal models. Reduction of intracellular uric acid can be achieved by dietary measures such as reducing fructose and salt intake, and uric acid–lowering drugs. We suggest that in the Western diet, these elements play a crucial role in pathogenesis of DM. To determine the precise and exact interrelationship between intracellular and extracellular uric acid, well-designed studies are required. Besides this, clinical trials are needed to determine whether intracellular and extracellular urate reduction will provide benefit in prevention and treatment of DM and complications associated with it.

Hyperuricemia – consequences of not initiating therapy. Benefits and drawbacks of treatment

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders globally, primarily arising from two key factors: impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and reduced responsiveness of insulin-sensitive tissues to insulin [ 17 ]. The link to the development of T2DM was suggested more than 70 years ago [ 18 ] and has been confirmed many times since then [ 15 , 19 ]. In one clinical study, long-term, asymptomatic hyperuricemia in young people was shown to be an independent factor in the development of both insulin resistance and T2DM [ 20 ].…”

Hyperuricemia and associated factors: The case of outpatients at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital‐ Cameroon, an analytical cross‐sectional study

“…5 Hyperuricemia is associated with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, liver dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease as reported by several authors even if the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Given the appearance of cardiovascular and renal comorbidities after long exposure to hyperuricemia, it is difficult to know whether hyperuricemia is a risk mark for nongouty disease or factors associated with its. 2 Hyperuricemia constitutes a major public health issue due to its implication in many chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes.…”