Urgent Necessity for Standardized and Evidence Based Plant Immunomodulators (Such As Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Concentrate/MGN-3) for the Tumor Research

Hajtò, Tibor

doi:10.15406/ijcam.2017.09.00296

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Through mapping the MeSH terms, this review is the first to identify the core research focus of each period and the growing understanding of RBAC’s immune-modulating capabilities over time from a narrow NKC focus [ 11 , 76 ] to multi-prone systematic effects [ 41 , 42 , 142 , 162 ]. Overall, the shifting focus reflects an increasing maturity of the field over 25 years, from benchtop discoveries based on cellular activities to a broad range of translational research in human applications consistent with the observations by other authors [ 14 , 72 , 163 ]. In addition, the condition-benefit-outcome mapping networks (Figs 9 and 10 ) show how RBAC could potentially benefit cancer patients and healthy populations, which answers the research question of this review visually and succinctly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Modified rice bran arabinoxylan as a nutraceutical in health and disease—A scoping review with bibliometric analysis

Ooi,

Micalos,

Pak

2023

PLoS ONE

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Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a polysaccharide modified by Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme widely used as a nutraceutical. To explore translational research on RBAC, a scoping review was conducted to synthesise research evidence from English (MEDLINE, ProQuest, CENTRAL, Emcare, CINAHL+, Web of Science), Japanese (CiNii, J-Stage), Korean (KCI, RISS, ScienceON), and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang) sources while combining bibliometrics and network analyses for data visualisation. Searches were conducted between September and October 2022. Ninety-eight articles on RBAC and the biological activities related to human health or disease were included. Research progressed with linear growth (median = 3/year) from 1998 to 2022, predominantly on Biobran MGN-3 (86.73%) and contributed by 289 authors from 100 institutions across 18 countries. Clinical studies constitute 61.1% of recent articles (2018 to 2022). Over 50% of the research was from the USA (29/98, 29.59%) and Japan (22/98, 22.45%). A shifting focus from immuno-cellular activities to human translations over the years was shown via keyword visualisation. Beneficial effects of RBAC include immunomodulation, synergistic anticancer properties, hepatoprotection, antiinflammation, and antioxidation. As an oral supplement taken as an adjuvant during chemoradiotherapy, cancer patients reported reduced side effects and improved quality of life in human studies, indicating RBAC’s impact on the psycho-neuro-immune axis. RBAC has been studied in 17 conditions, including cancer, liver diseases, HIV, allergy, chronic fatigue, gastroenteritis, cold/flu, diabetes, and in healthy participants. Further translational research on the impact on patient and community health is required for the evidence-informed use of RBAC in health and disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Modified rice bran arabinoxylan as a nutraceutical in health and disease—A scoping review with bibliometric analysis

Ooi,

Micalos,

Pak

2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Through mapping the MeSH terms, this review is the first to identify the core research focus of each period and the growing understanding of RBAC's immune-modulating capabilities over time from a narrow NKC focus [11,76] to multi-prone systematic effects [41,42,142,162]. Overall, the shifting focus reflects an increasing maturity of the field over 25 years, from benchtop discoveries based on cellular activities to a broad range of translational research in human applications consistent with the observations by other authors [14,72,163]. In addition, the condition-benefit-outcome mapping networks (Figs 9 and 10) show how RBAC could potentially benefit cancer patients and healthy populations, which answers the research question of this review visually and succinctly.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 70%

Modified Rice Bran Arabinoxylan as a Nutraceutical in Health and Disease – A Scoping Review with Bibliometric Analysis

Ooi¹,

Micalos²,

Pak³

2023

Preprint

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Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a polysaccharide modified by Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme widely used as a nutraceutical. To explore translational research on RBAC, a scoping review was conducted to synthesise research evidence from English, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese sources while combining bibliometrics and network analyses for data visualisation. Ninety-eight articles on RBAC and the biological activities related to human health or disease were included. Research progressed with linear growth (median=3/year) from 1998 to 2022, predominantly on Biobran MGN-3 (86.73%) and contributed by 289 authors from 100 institutions across 18 countries. Clinical studies constitute 61.1% of recent articles (2018 to 2022). A shifting focus from immuno-cellular activities to human translations over the years was shown via keyword visualisation. Beneficial effects of RBAC include immunomodulation, synergistic anticancer properties, hepatoprotection, antiinflammation, and antioxidation. Cancer patients reported reduced side effects from chemoradiotherapy and improved quality of life in human studies, indicating RBAC’s impact on the psycho-neuro-immune axis. RBAC has been studied in 17 conditions, including cancer, liver diseases, HIV, allergy, chronic fatigue, gastroenteritis, cold/flu, diabetes, and in healthy participants. Further translational research on the impact on patient and community health is required for the evidence-informed use of RBAC in health and disease.

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“…More research is required to understand RBAC's biological effects and potential benefits as an immunoceutical for health and aging, especially after long-term consumption. Particularly, RBAC is a source of plant-based PAMP molecules, which could be promising therapeutic tools for treating malignant tumours [44,138] and a molecular agent for trained immunity to increase the immune response against potential infection in healthy adults [106]. However, the authors could not find any RBAC structures registered on PubChem during the review process, mainly due to limited molecular chemistry research in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the authors could not find any RBAC structures registered on PubChem during the review process, mainly due to limited molecular chemistry research in this area. The lack of understanding of the chemical composition of RBAC and the likely PAMP configurations that lead to its biological activities has hampered its clinical application as a immunomodular [138]. Hence, future research needs to clarify the active ingredients further and the molecular targets responsible for immunomodulating activities leading to the standardisation of the quality and quantity of the active compound for clinical use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Rice Bran Arabinoxylan by Lentinus edodes Mycelial Enzyme as an Immunoceutical for Health and Aging—A Comprehensive Literature Review

Ooi,

Micalos,

Pak

2023

Molecules

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Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is derived from defatted rice bran enzymatically treated with Lentinus edodes mycelium. This review explores biologically active compounds and mechanisms of action that support RBAC as an immunomodulating nutraceutical in generally healthy and/or aging individuals. Thirty-seven (n = 37) primary research articles fulfilled the selection criteria for review. Most research is based on Biobran MGN-3, which consists of complex heteropolysaccharides with arabinoxylan as its primary structure while also containing galactan and glucan. RBAC was found to invoke immunological activities through direct absorption via the digestive tract and interaction with immune cells at the Peyer’s patches. RBAC was shown to promote innate defence by upregulating macrophage phagocytosis and enhancing natural killer cell activity while lowering oxidative stress. Through induction of dendritic cell maturation, RBAC also augments adaptive immunity by promoting T and B lymphocyte proliferation. RBAC acts as an immunomodulator by inhibiting mast cell degranulation during allergic reactions, attenuating inflammation, and downregulating angiogenesis by modulating cytokines and growth factors. RBAC has been shown to be a safe and effective nutraceutical for improving immune health, notably in aging individuals with reduced immune function. Human clinical trials with geriatric participants have demonstrated RBAC to have prophylactic benefits against viral infection and may improve their quality of life. Further research should explore RBAC’s bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of the complex heteropolysaccharides within. Translational research to assess RBAC as a nutraceutical for the aging population is still required, particularly in human studies with larger sample sizes and cohort studies with long follow-up periods.

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Urgent Necessity for Standardized and Evidence Based Plant Immunomodulators (Such As Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Concentrate/MGN-3) for the Tumor Research

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Modified rice bran arabinoxylan as a nutraceutical in health and disease—A scoping review with bibliometric analysis

Modified rice bran arabinoxylan as a nutraceutical in health and disease—A scoping review with bibliometric analysis

Modified Rice Bran Arabinoxylan as a Nutraceutical in Health and Disease – A Scoping Review with Bibliometric Analysis

Modified Rice Bran Arabinoxylan by Lentinus edodes Mycelial Enzyme as an Immunoceutical for Health and Aging—A Comprehensive Literature Review

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