Urgent call to protect children and their health in Sudan

Preparedness, Prevention, Investigation, and Response to the Emergence of Mpox in Khartoum, Sudan in 2022

“…Additionally, it is worth noting that the skin rash is generally the first visible sign of MPXV infection and is rarely reported in children [52]. Therefore, detailed descriptions of MPXV rash in children are limited, this underscores the limited attention to child care and urges improving the healthcare for children [53]. Furthermore, in this particular case, the child also exhibited bilateral conjunctivitis, which is a less common finding in MPXV but can still occur [54].…”

“…According to the last joint external evaluation of the International Health Regulations (IHRs-2005) core capacities conducted in Sudan in 2016, low performance in various IHRs-2005 pillars including surveillance system, preparedness, laboratory system, zoonotic diseases, workforce and risk communication, and emergency response operation [76]. Taking into consideration, the evolving situation and the ongoing conflict since the evaluation was conducted, a high number of human displacements was reported with potential emerging and re-emergence of Mpox and other infectious diseases [77][78][79][80]. Therefore, the Sudan Ministry of Health and other health partners must be vigilant in disease monitoring and detection to prevent any potential outbreaks.…”

Severe coinfection of dengue and malaria: A case report

“… 11 , 14 , 28 In Sudan, the transmission and burden of arboviruses are rapidly growing, therefore, coinfections of malaria and arboviruses including dengue is a serious challenge for the health system with limited diagnostic capacity and conflict. 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 This challenge is indicated by the substantial delay in reaching final diagnosis that is reflected in a proper case management highlighted with better clinical outcomes. 4 , 5 , 14 However, these coinfections are often not detected, thus they are underreported; this in turn, is resulting in poor case management and severe clinical outcomes.…”

Rift Valley fever and malaria co‐infection: A case report

“…10,[18][19][20][21] Studies have suggested that the major risk factors that drive this upsurge in the burden and outbreaks of infectious diseases and rapid spread of invasive diseases vectors include climate change, armed-conflicts and the growing size of population living in humanitarian crisis, globalization, and unplanned urbanization. 1,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27] These risk factors increase the dynamic and the interactions of different populations of human and animals substantially, this in turn magnifies the occurrence of spill over and pathogens sharing events across the different species of diseases-susceptible hosts. 28 Despite the frequent outbreaks of arboviral diseases in Sudan, still there is a huge gap in the local knowledge about the epidemiology, pathology, and the clinical presentation and outcome of patients, particularly in cases of co-infection.…”

“…Additionally, there is rapidly growing evidence about the emergence and spread of invasive diseases vectors in the region including Sudan 10,18–21 . Studies have suggested that the major risk factors that drive this upsurge in the burden and outbreaks of infectious diseases and rapid spread of invasive diseases vectors include climate change, armed‐conflicts and the growing size of population living in humanitarian crisis, globalization, and unplanned urbanization 1,13,22–27 . These risk factors increase the dynamic and the interactions of different populations of human and animals substantially, this in turn magnifies the occurrence of spill over and pathogens sharing events across the different species of diseases‐susceptible hosts 28 …”