Urethral Extension for Correction of Urovagina in Cattle A Review of 14 Cases

Abstract

Urethral extension was performed in 14 cows with clinical urovagina and infertility. Urovagina was corrected in nine cows (64%) and was reduced in the others. Formation of fistulas at the cranial end of the extension site was the most frequent complication (4 cows). In one cow, the urethral extension was not extended far enough caudally. Eleven cows (79%) returned to fertility after surgery. Severity of urine pooling, cranial displacement of the urethral orifice, and severe preoperative vaginitis may explain the failure of the urethral extension in some cows.

Urethral Extension and Caslick's Surgery for Infertility Treatment in Pneumovagina Cases with Sunken Anus in Holstein Cows

“…Pneumovagina and urovagina often occur in older cows (Roberts, 1986;Jean et al, 1988). In this study, all cases suffered from pneumovagina without any significant signs of the urovagina but all cows had various degrees of sunken anus.…”

Clinical Trials to Improve the First Insemination Conception Rate in Postpartum Holstein Cows with Urovagina

“…In the cow morphological changes in anatomy of the genital tract, such as the cranio-ventral displacement of the vagina and uterus, cause cranial flow of the urine and its pooling around the cervix (Hudson, 1986;Jean et al, 1988 andWolfe andBaird, 1993). Urovagina is considered as an important cause of subfertility in dairy cows, compromising animal health and resulting in production and economic losses (Gilbert et al, 1989 andGautam andNakao, 2009).…”

Efficacy of Ozone as a Novel Treatment Option for Urovagina in Dairy Cows

“…1989; Fubini and Ducharme 2004; Gautam and Nakao 2009). In the cow, morphological changes in anatomy of the genital tract, such as the cranio‐ventral displacement of the vagina and uterus, cause cranial flow of the urine and pooling around the cervix (Hudson 1986; St Jean et al. 1988; Wolfe and Baird 1993).…”

“…In the mare, urovagina reduces embryo viability and uterine‐placental attachment surface area (McKinnon and Belden 1988; Hooper and Taylor 1995; Sellnow 1996; Gautam and Nakao 2009); however, this causality has not been investigated in the cow. The aetiology of urovagina is poorly understood; however, the disease has been correlated with stretching of the suspensory apparatus as a result of dystocia, twinning and/or successive pregnancies (St Jean et al. 1988; Parkinson 2001; Fubini and Ducharme 2004).…”