Urethane Plastics Based on Starch and Starch-Derived Glycosides

Otey, F. H.; Westhoff, Richard P.; Kwolek, W. F.; Mehltretter, C. L.; Rist, C. E.

doi:10.1021/i360031a011

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…98 Starch has also been used as a filler in disposable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics and agricultural applications. 99 Hydroxyl groups in starch have been reacted with isocyanates to produce resins with improved solvent resistance and strength qualities. 94,98…”

Section: Biomass: Lignin Cellulose Hemicellulose and Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The battle for the “green” polymer. Different approaches for biopolymer synthesis: bioadvantaged vs. bioreplacement

2014

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Biopolymers have been used throughout history; however, in the last two centuries they have seen a decrease in their utilization as the proliferation of inexpensive and mass-produced materials from petrochemical feedstocks quickly became better-suited to meeting society's needs. In recent years, high petroleum prices and the concern of society to adopt greener and cleaner products has led to an increased interest in biorenewable polymers and the use of sustainable technologies to produce them. Industrial and academic researchers alike have targeted several routes for producing these renewable materials. In this perspective, we compare and contrast two distinct approaches to the economical realization of these materials. One mentality that has emerged we term "bioreplacement", in which the fields of synthetic biology and catalysis collaborate to coax petrochemical monomers from sugars and lignocellulosic feedstocks that can subsequently be used in precisely the same ways to produce precisely the same polymers as we know today. For example, the metabolic engineering of bacteria is currently being explored as a viable route to common monomers such as butadiene, isoprene, styrene, acrylic acid, and sebacic acid, amongst others. Another motif that has recently gained traction may be referred to as the "bioadvantage" strategy, where the multifunctional "monomers" given to us by nature are combined in novel ways using novel chemistries to yield new polymers with new properties; for these materials to compete with their petroleum-based counterparts, they must add some advantage, for example less cost. For instance, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil readily undergoes polymerization to thermosets and recently, thermoplastic rubbers. Additionally, many plants produce pre-polymeric or polymeric materials that require little or no post modification to extract and make use of these compounds.

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Section: Biomass: Lignin Cellulose Hemicellulose and Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The battle for the “green” polymer. Different approaches for biopolymer synthesis: bioadvantaged vs. bioreplacement

2014

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“…This can be attributing to the following factors: There may be a possibility of a side reaction such as etherification of the polyols under the conditions of processing 11 The polyols may have undergone an addition reaction with carbon–carbon double bonds to produce a hydroxyl acid 12 These side reactions would consume hydroxyl groups without a loss of carboxyl groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polyols may have undergone an addition reaction with carbon–carbon double bonds to produce a hydroxyl acid 12…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel binder system for ultraviolet‐curable coatings based on tobacco seed (Nicotiana rustica) oil derivatives as a renewable resource

Patel

Parmar

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Several coatings have been developed to reduce volatile organic component emissions, such as water-borne coatings, high-solid coatings, powder coatings, and radiation-curable coatings. Ultraviolet-curable coatings are one such boon to paint industries, not only reducing volatile organic components but also increasing productivity. Most polymers industrially produced nowadays are based on petroleum, which is a limited resource. Developing new procedures for making polymers based on natural renewable resources is a resounding theme for this decade and the future also. In response to both these needs, we have investigated the use of tobacco seed (Nicotiana rustica) oil in the synthesis of radiation-curable coatings. In this work, the alcoholysis of oil in various ratios with polyhydroxyl compounds was performed to prepare novel polyols, and these different polyols were reacted further with excess polyisocyanate to produce isocyanate-terminated prepolymers. The prepolymer were further reacted with hydroxyethyl methacrylate to produce urethane acrylate oligomers. The radiation-curable coating compositions were than prepared by the mixing of these oligomers with different reactive diluents, photoinitiators, and activators. These coating compositions were studied for their various physical and film characteristics, and certain coating compositions from tobacco seed oil were found to show very excellent overall coating properties.

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“…Starch was included in a mixture of an organic diisocyanate and a polyol resulting in flexible foam products with improved mechanical properties (Dosmann & Steel, 1961). A rigid urethane foam containing starch was also reported (Bennett, Otey, & Mehltretter, 1967;Otey, Westhoff, Kwolek, Mehltretter, & Rist, 1969). In these materials, starch was believed to react with -NCO groups formed by an excess of isocyanate in the reaction mixture (Otey et al, 1969).…”

Section: Granular Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%