Ureteroscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract Neoplasms

Complications of Ileal Conduits after Radical Cystectomy: Interventional Radiologic Management

“…For patients with suspected upper urinary tract recurrence, access to the upper urinary tract for ureteroscopic evaluation and possible subsequent ureteroscopic biopsy or treatment can be obtained through percutaneous nephrostomy when retrograde cannulation of the distal ureter fails or when obstruction of the ureter is present (Fig 13). Fluoroscopy-guided collection of urine from a radiographically abnormal area or brush biopsy for cytologic analysis may be performed, but they are rarely indicated if ureteroscopy is available (68).…”

Modern Upper Urinary Tract Endoscopy

“…It is unclear whether this reflects poor technique or the increasing expansion in use of ureteoscopy for upper tract TCC. As alluded to above the best tumors are those of low grade, solitary and small with a papillary appearance with negative cytology [32]. From the point of view of laser choice the Holmium is best for resection and Neodymium YAG is best for fulgaration.…”