Ureteral stent-associated infection and sepsis: pathogenesis and prevention: a review

Abstract

Ureteral stents are commonly used devices in hospital settings. However, their usage is often complicated by associated urinary tract infections as a result of bacterial adhesion onto the indwelling implant surfaces, followed by the formation of layers of biofilm. Once formed, the biofilm is exceedingly difficult to remove, potentially leading to further morbidity and even urosepsis. Urosepsis, where pathogens from the urinary tract enter the bloodstream, has a mortality rate of up to 50% of severely infected patients. Hence, it is important to understand its pathogenesis. In this review, ureteral stent-associated urinary tract infection and urosepsis will be addressed. In particular, the bacterial mechanisms involved, as well as the prevention and treatment of these infections will be discussed. ARTICLE HISTORY

Study on risk factors, bacterial species, and drug resistance of acute pyelonephritis associated with ureteral stent after percutaneous nephrolithotomy

“…During the indwelling of ureteral stent after PCNL, AP associated with ureteral stent after PCNL is a more common complication, and some severe cases can induce retrograde urogenic sepsis endangering the life of patients [16][17][18]. Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of bacteriuria and urinary tract infection related to ureteral stent is 11-45% [4,5]. In this study, we found that the incidence of AP associated with ureteral stent after PCNL was approximately 13.01%.…”

“…PCNL has been used as an important minimally invasive method for the treatment of kidney stones because of its small trauma and rapid recovery [2,3]. Indwelling double J-tube after PCNL can provide advantages such as urinary tract obstruction, drainage of urine, and protection of renal function [4,5]. But after PCNL operation, the ureteral stent can cause the patient's waist and abdomen discomfort, bladder irritation, hematuria, stent tube displacement, and other adverse events, especially urinary tract infection is one of the more common complications [4,5].…”

“…Indwelling double J-tube after PCNL can provide advantages such as urinary tract obstruction, drainage of urine, and protection of renal function [4,5]. But after PCNL operation, the ureteral stent can cause the patient's waist and abdomen discomfort, bladder irritation, hematuria, stent tube displacement, and other adverse events, especially urinary tract infection is one of the more common complications [4,5]. There are some data suggesting an association between indwelling ureteral stents and urinary tract infections, including a recent prospectively performed study reporting an 11% incidence of UTIs in stented patients [4,5].…”

“…But after PCNL operation, the ureteral stent can cause the patient's waist and abdomen discomfort, bladder irritation, hematuria, stent tube displacement, and other adverse events, especially urinary tract infection is one of the more common complications [4,5]. There are some data suggesting an association between indwelling ureteral stents and urinary tract infections, including a recent prospectively performed study reporting an 11% incidence of UTIs in stented patients [4,5]. In clinic, antibiotics are mainly used to treat acute pyelonephritis (AP) associated with ureteral stent after PCNL.…”

Üreteral Stenti Olan Hastalarda Üriner Sistem Enfeksiyonu ve Predispozan Faktörler

“…Biz bu çalışmamızda, çeşitli nedenlerle DJS takılan hastaların tam idrar tahlili ve idrar kültürünün anlamlı üriner sistem enfeksiyonu ile ilişkisini ortaya koymayı ve bu sayede gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımı ve fazladan tedavinin önüne geçmeyi planladık. (3,8). Bizim çalışmamızda saptanan enfeksiyonlar oral ya da parenteral antibiyotik tedavisi ile kontrol altına alınabilmiştir.…”