Uremia, Dialysis and Aluminium

Abstract

Few studies have dealt with assaying aluminium levels in different tissues of uremic patients; so far a comparison has never been made between its accumulation in the various tissues of uremic patients and controls. Aluminium levels were determined in the following biological samples: 1)111 serum samples from hemodialysis patients and 55 serum samples from normal subjects; 2) 47 urine samples from the same dialysis patients and 45 from the controls; autopsy tissue specimens (blood, bile, brain, rib, cartilage, cranium, lung, spleen, kidney, aorta, vena cava, liver, muscle) from 12 deceased dialysis patients undergoing post-mortem diagnosis and 10 autopsy cases in which death was not associated with uremia. In living subjects, both serum and urinary levels of aluminium are significantly higher in hemodialysis patients than in controls; a significant positive correlation was found between serum and urinary levels of aluminium. In autopsy specimens, aluminium levels were higher in the dialysis group than controls for all tissues; the differences were statistically significant except in heart and urine. Tissue concentrations of aluminium in the two groups were then analysed separately both in uremic patients and controls. The highest values found in dialysis cases were in the bile, followed by blood, urine and lung; levels in the other tissues were considerably lower. In controls, the distribution was somewhat different, due to much lower levels in the liver and bile with respect to dialysis cases. Again we found surprisingly high levels in the lung. The results show that aluminium storage in uremic patients occurs in all organs and tissues, albeit to different degrees.

Aluminium Toxicokinetics: An Updated MiniReview

“…Al distributes unequally to all tissues throughout normal and Al-intoxicated human beings (Alfrey et al 1980;Di Paolo et al 1997) and Al-treated experimental animals (Greger & Sutherland 1997). The volume of distribution of Al in MiniReview animals, reviewed by Wilhelm et al (1990), suggests an initial distribution consistent with blood volume.…”

“…Bone Al concentration in normal human beings is a few times greater than brain Al, on a dry weight basis (Alfrey et al 1980;Di Paolo et al 1997). Al increased more in bone than brain in haemodialysis patients (Alfrey et al 1980;Di Paolo et al 1997). Human beings with dialysis encephalopathy had brain and bone Al concentrations about 10and 85 times higher than controls, respectively (Alfrey et al 1980).…”

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“…Al increased more in bone than brain in haemodialysis patients (Alfrey et al 1980;Di Paolo et al 1997). Human beings with dialysis encephalopathy had brain and bone Al concentrations about 10-and 85 times higher than controls, respectively (Alfrey et al 1980).…”

“…Bone Al concentration in normal human beings is a few times greater than brain Al, on a dry weight basis (Alfrey et al 1980;Di Paolo et al 1997). Al increased more in bone than brain in haemodialysis patients (Alfrey et al 1980;Di Paolo et al 1997).…”

Peritoneal Dialysis: Causes of Inadequacy of the Technique

“…На теперішній час стало очевидним, що ПД неминуче пов'язаний із хронічним пошкодженням очеревини. Загальновизнаним є те, що це обумовлено насамперед постійним впливом на перитонеальну мембрану сучасних, усе ще недостатньо фізіологічних діалізуючих розчинів [8,34,54]. Зокрема, патогенний ефект спричиняють низький pН [19,20] і гіперосмолярність діалізуючого розчину [19,20,41], високий уміст у ньому глюкози, продукти деградації глюкози, що утворюються під час стерилізації розчину, присутність лактату в якості буферу [3,5,7,45].…”